Agricultural Prices ISSN: 1937-4216 Released January 31, 2024, by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), Agricultural Statistics Board, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). December Prices Received Index Down 0.4 Percent The December Prices Received Index 2011 Base (Agricultural Production), at 113.5, decreased 0.4 percent from November and 18 percent from December 2022. At 101.7, the Crop Production Index was up 0.7 percent from last month but down 21 percent from the previous year. The Livestock Production Index, at 130.0, decreased 3.0 percent from November, and 14 percent from December last year. Producers received lower prices during December for cattle, milk, hogs, and turkeys, but higher prices for broilers, corn, onions, and eggs. In addition to prices, the volume change of commodities marketed also influences the indexes. In December, there was decreased monthly movement for corn, grapes, soybeans, and calves, and increased marketing of broilers, milk, wheat, and cotton. December Prices Paid Index Down 0.5 Percent The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 137.6, is down 0.5 percent from November 2023 and 0.6 percent from December 2022. Lower prices in December for feeder cattle, diesel, complete feeds, and gasoline more than offset higher prices for feeder pigs, LP gas, nitrogen, and potash & phosphate. Prices Received, Prices Paid, and Ratio of Prices Received to Prices Paid Indexes 2011 Base - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : December : November : December Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : percent percent percent : : Prices received by farmers ...............: 137.8 114.0 113.5 : Prices paid by farmers ...................: 138.4 138.3 137.6 : Ratio of prices received to prices paid ..: 100 83 83 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Contents Prices Received by Farmers................................................................................... 4 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons........................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons...................... 5 Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023............... 5 Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023................... 6 Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................... 7 Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................. 8 Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons............ 9 Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons................. 9 Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons..................... 10 Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.................. 10 Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................... 11 Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.................. 11 Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......................... 11 Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.................... 12 Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................ 12 Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................... 12 Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......................... 13 Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................. 13 Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons...................... 14 Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons..................... 14 Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons........................ 15 Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons...................... 15 Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons............ 15 Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons..................... 15 Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 16 Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................... 17 Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2023................ 17 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2022................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2023................... 18 Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2023................... 18 Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons...................... 19 Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons...................... 19 Parity Price Overview........................................................................................ 20 Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......................................................................................... 21 Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons...................................... 22 Marketing Year for Specified Commodities..................................................................... 24 Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2021 through 2022................................................................................... 24 All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024......................................................................................... 25 Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024............................................................................... 25 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2022 through 2023-2024......................................................................... 26 Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024............................................................................... 26 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023..... 27 Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 ................................................................................................ 29 Reliability of Prices Received Estimates..................................................................... 30 Prices Paid by Farmers....................................................................................... 31 Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons................ 32 Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons............................................................................ 33 Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons............................................ 34 Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons.......... 34 Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons............................. 34 Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2018-2023................................... 35 Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2022 and 2023............................. 35 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023......... 36 Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023.................................................................................. 39 Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 ... 43 Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2024............................................ 46 Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates......................................................................... 47 Information Contacts......................................................................................... 48 December Prices Received by Farmers Crop production: The December index, at 101.7, is 0.7 percent higher than November but 21 percent lower than December 2022. The grain & oilseed index increase more than offset the vegetable & melon, fruit & tree nut, and other crop index decreases. Grain and oilseed: The December index, at 91.1, is up 2.6 percent from November but down 20 percent from December 2022. The feed grain, food grain, and oilseed indexes all increased. Feed grain: The December index, at 80.4, increased 2.8 percent from last month but decreased 27 percent from a year ago. The corn price, at $4.80 per bushel, is up 14 cents from last month but down $1.78 from December 2022. Food grain: At 102.9, the index for December increased 1.4 percent from the previous month but decreased 21 percent from a year ago. The December price for rice, at $17.50 per cwt, is 50 cents higher than November but $3.30 lower than December 2022. The December price for all wheat, at $6.79 per bushel, is 26 cents lower than November and $2.18 lower than December 2022. Oilseed: At 104.3, the index for December increased 0.7 percent from November but decreased 9.1 percent from December 2022. The soybean price, at $13.10 per bushel, is 10 cents higher than November but $1.30 lower than December a year earlier. Fruit and tree nut: The December index, at 143.8, is down 9.2 percent from November and 2.2 percent from a year earlier. Price decreases during December for oranges, apples, lemons, and grapefruit more than offset price increases for grapes and strawberries. Vegetable and melon: At 142.8, the index for December is down 0.6 percent from the previous month and 53 percent from December 2022. Price decreases during December for lettuce, broccoli, and potatoes more than offset price increases for onions, tomatoes, celery, and cauliflower. Other crop: The December index, at 97.2, is down 1.8 percent from the previous month and 12 percent from December 2022. The all hay price, at $191.00 per ton, is $4.00 lower than November and $44.00 lower than December 2022. At 73.2 cents per pound, the price for upland cotton is 0.8 cents higher than November but 11.4 cents lower than December 2022. Livestock production: The index for December, at 130.0, decreased 3.0 percent from the previous month and 14 percent from December a year earlier. Meat animal and dairy index decreases offset the higher poultry & egg index. Meat animal: At 129.8, the December index decreased 7.0 percent from the previous month but increased 4.8 percent from a year earlier. At $53.30 per cwt, the December hog price is $4.20 lower than November and $9.20 lower than a year earlier. The December beef cattle price of $172.00 per cwt is $8.00 lower than the previous month but $18.00 higher than December 2022. Dairy: The index for December, at 102.5, is down 5.1 percent from the previous month and 16 percent from December a year ago. The December all milk price of $20.60 per cwt is $1.10 lower than November and $3.90 lower than December 2022. Poultry and egg: At 155.6, the December index increased 6.9 percent from November but decreased 36 percent from December 2022. The December market egg price, at $1.71 per dozen, is 10 cents higher than November but $3.06 lower than December 2022. The December broiler price, at 73.7 cents per pound, is 7.2 cents higher than November and 1.1 cents higher than a year ago. At 47.1 cents per pound, the December turkey price is 18.1 cents lower than the previous month and 74.9 cents lower than December 2022. Food Commodities: The index, at 125.2, decreased 2.6 percent from the previous month and 17 percent from December 2022. Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 137.8 114.0 113.5 Crop production ..............: 128.7 101.0 101.7 Grain and oilseed ..........: 113.7 88.8 91.1 Feed grain ...............: 110.1 78.2 80.4 Food grain ...............: 129.4 101.5 102.9 Oilseed ..................: 114.8 103.6 104.3 Fruit and tree nut .........: 147.0 158.4 143.8 Vegetable and melon ........: 300.4 143.7 142.8 Other crop .................: 110.8 99.0 97.2 : Livestock production .........: 150.7 134.0 130.0 Meat animal ................: 123.8 139.5 129.8 Cattle ...................: 134.8 161.9 153.3 Hog ......................: 94.0 86.5 80.2 Dairy ......................: 121.9 108.0 102.5 Poultry and egg ............: 241.7 145.5 155.6 : Food commodity .................: 150.3 128.6 125.2 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 1910-1914 Base - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] -------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910 - 1914 Base :----------------------------------- : December : November : December Index Group : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Agricultural production ........: 1422 1176 1172 Crop production ..............: 1122 881 887 Livestock production .........: 1751 1557 1510 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : Agricultural : Crop : Livestock : Food : production : production : production : commodities :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 111.6 124.5 105.0 118.0 123.6 136.4 118.7 132.1 February ......: 119.8 126.6 114.6 120.6 125.6 133.3 125.3 132.1 March .........: 127.2 128.3 120.9 118.7 133.8 138.3 133.3 134.4 April .........: 133.8 131.0 122.9 126.2 144.7 135.7 139.6 136.9 May ...........: 135.0 127.2 124.2 120.6 145.6 133.7 140.5 132.5 June ..........: 135.3 127.6 126.9 120.7 144.4 135.1 140.2 132.9 July ..........: 134.3 125.1 125.0 119.5 146.2 132.3 139.4 131.0 August ........: 131.4 125.6 128.2 117.7 134.9 134.3 135.2 133.4 September .....: 131.2 121.8 126.8 112.4 136.5 133.0 135.3 130.3 October .......: 127.6 113.9 121.6 103.9 139.2 133.1 133.7 123.3 November ......: 133.5 114.0 127.0 101.0 143.6 134.0 145.3 128.6 December ......: 137.8 113.5 128.7 101.7 150.7 130.0 150.3 125.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid Indexes, 2011 Base by Month for Selected Groups - United States: 2022 and 2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2011 Base :--------------------------------------------------------------- Month : All items : : Crop : Livestock : (PPITW) : Production : sector : sector :--------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- -- percent -- : January .......: 131.0 140.3 129.1 138.9 133.4 141.0 128.5 139.6 February ......: 133.1 140.3 131.7 138.8 134.8 140.3 131.2 140.3 March .........: 135.0 140.3 134.1 138.8 136.7 139.7 133.3 140.9 April .........: 137.6 139.7 137.9 138.3 140.0 138.4 135.1 141.1 May ...........: 137.8 138.9 137.9 137.1 140.3 137.5 135.2 140.4 June ..........: 138.3 138.5 138.2 136.4 140.8 136.5 135.7 140.6 July ..........: 138.7 138.6 138.3 136.2 140.6 136.3 136.7 141.0 August ........: 139.3 138.7 139.2 136.2 140.8 136.7 137.7 140.9 September .....: 138.8 138.7 138.5 136.1 140.0 136.6 137.6 140.9 October .......: 138.6 138.8 138.0 136.1 140.0 137.1 137.1 140.7 November ......: 138.8 138.3 138.3 135.5 140.2 136.9 137.4 139.9 December ......: 138.4 137.6 137.9 134.5 139.3 136.7 137.5 138.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Field Crops and Fruits - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2022 :November 2023 :December 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crops : Barley, all ...............dollars/bushel: 4.79 7.48 7.77 6.68 Feed .....................dollars/bushel: 4.59 6.08 5.18 4.62 Malting ..................dollars/bushel: 4.83 7.62 8.10 7.23 Beans, dry edible ............dollars/cwt: 34.60 41.00 40.60 42.70 Canola .......................dollars/cwt: 23.10 29.20 25.50 24.20 Chickpeas, all ...............dollars/cwt: 35.70 35.40 39.50 36.20 Large .......................dollars/cwt: 39.20 36.00 38.30 35.50 Small .......................dollars/cwt: 23.40 29.40 (D) 39.20 Corn ......................dollars/bushel: 6.02 6.58 4.66 4.80 : Cotton, Upland .............dollars/pound: 0.880 0.846 0.724 0.732 Cottonseed ...................dollars/ton: 131.00 315.00 226.00 209.00 Flaxseed ..................dollars/bushel: 14.20 18.30 12.20 13.40 Hay, all, baled ..............dollars/ton: 159.00 235.00 195.00 191.00 Alfalfa .....................dollars/ton: 176.00 268.00 207.00 205.00 Other .......................dollars/ton: 119.00 180.00 170.00 170.00 Lentils ......................dollars/cwt: 27.50 34.80 39.60 39.00 Oats ......................dollars/bushel: 3.42 4.54 3.92 3.98 Peanuts, in-shell ..........dollars/pound: 0.252 0.245 0.295 0.243 : Peas, dry edible .............dollars/cwt: 13.60 16.80 15.60 15.40 Rice, all ....................dollars/cwt: 13.70 20.80 17.00 17.50 Long ........................dollars/cwt: 12.30 16.80 15.60 15.70 Medium and short ............dollars/cwt: 18.40 34.70 25.30 25.80 Sorghum grain ................dollars/cwt: 10.70 12.30 9.05 8.70 Soybeans ..................dollars/bushel: 12.50 14.40 13.00 13.10 Sunflowers, all ..............dollars/cwt: 29.00 29.50 22.60 24.20 : Wheat, all ................dollars/bushel: 7.44 8.97 6.53 6.79 Winter ...................dollars/bushel: 6.93 8.47 6.10 6.20 Durum ....................dollars/bushel: 9.22 11.20 9.53 9.66 Other spring .............dollars/bushel: 8.33 9.11 6.85 7.10 Hard red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 7.07 8.70 6.12 6.23 Soft red winter ..........dollars/bushel: 6.77 8.04 5.61 5.92 Hard red spring ..........dollars/bushel: 8.38 9.17 6.90 7.12 White ....................dollars/bushel: 6.58 7.89 6.28 6.23 : Fruits : Citrus, equivalent on-tree : Grapefruit ..................dollars/box: 7.47 22.66 28.22 25.97 Lemons ......................dollars/box: 12.30 17.55 28.51 24.41 Oranges .....................dollars/box: 8.16 12.91 20.33 12.56 : Non-citrus, fresh 1/ : Apples ...................dollars/pound: 0.325 0.889 0.683 0.639 Grapes .....................dollars/ton: 598.00 2,310.00 3,450.00 3,690.00 Peaches ....................dollars/ton: 507.00 (S) (S) (S) Pears ......................dollars/ton: 559.00 1,380.00 1,340.00 1,270.00 Strawberries ................dollars/cwt: 104.00 296.00 257.00 289.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prices Received for Vegetables and Livestock - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for potato, livestock, and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : 2011 : : : Commodity : Base Price :December 2022 :November 2023 :December 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables, fresh 1/ : Asparagus ....................dollars/cwt: 37.50 (S) (S) (S) Beans, snap ..................dollars/cwt: 69.00 79.10 105.00 116.00 Broccoli .....................dollars/cwt: 41.60 205.00 91.00 71.60 Cantaloupes ..................dollars/cwt: 16.50 (S) 27.80 (S) Carrots ......................dollars/cwt: 30.80 50.00 57.10 57.10 Cauliflower ..................dollars/cwt: 47.00 200.00 61.20 72.00 Celery .......................dollars/cwt: 22.50 191.00 65.80 73.10 Corn, sweet ..................dollars/cwt: 30.70 56.30 48.40 60.50 Cucumbers ....................dollars/cwt: 18.70 28.00 31.40 35.90 Lettuce, head ................dollars/cwt: 24.30 142.00 33.30 21.10 Onions 2/ ....................dollars/cwt: 11.90 32.30 26.00 38.40 Potatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 14.30 21.30 11.60 11.30 Tomatoes .....................dollars/cwt: 51.20 92.30 72.00 108.00 : Livestock : Calves .......................dollars/cwt: 142.00 206.00 290.00 280.00 Cattle, all beef .............dollars/cwt: 115.00 154.00 180.00 172.00 Cows 3/ .....................dollars/cwt: 71.60 76.90 104.00 101.00 Steers and heifers ..........dollars/cwt: 117.00 158.00 184.00 176.00 Milk cows 4/ ................dollars/head: 1,420.00 (NA) (NA) (NA) Hogs, all ....................dollars/cwt: 66.50 62.50 57.50 53.30 Barrows and gilts ...........dollars/cwt: 66.80 63.00 57.50 53.50 Sows ........................dollars/cwt: 57.90 51.90 58.10 48.90 : Dairy and poultry : Milk, all 5/ .................dollars/cwt: 20.10 24.50 21.70 20.60 Fat test ........................percent: 4.35 4.27 4.32 4.35 Broilers, live 6/ ..........dollars/pound: 0.459 0.726 0.665 0.737 Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.969 4.49 1.78 1.87 Market 7/ .................dollars/dozen: 0.796 4.77 1.61 1.71 Turkeys, live 8/ ...........dollars/pound: 0.680 1.22 0.652 0.471 : Adjusted for seasonal variation : Eggs, all ..................dollars/dozen: 0.979 3.57 1.60 1.47 Seasonal factor .................percent: 101 126 111 127 Milk, all ....................dollars/cwt: 20.20 24.20 21.00 20.40 Seasonal factor .................percent: 100 101 103 101 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (NA) Not available. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ Beginning February 2020, price reflects FOB shipping point basis 2/ Includes some processing. 3/ Beef cows and cull dairy cows sold for slaughter. 4/ Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Prices available for January, April, July, and October. 5/ Before deductions for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies. 6/ Live weight equivalent price. 7/ Also referred to as table eggs. 8/ Live weight equivalent price is used when actual live weight price is not available. Beginning January 2011, price reflects FOB shipping point basis. Prior year price reflects delivered basis. Prices Received for All Wheat, Corn, and Soybeans by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons [Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : All wheat : Corn : Soybeans Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars per bushel : January ....: 5.48 8.48 8.81 4.24 5.58 6.63 10.90 12.90 14.50 February ...: 5.83 9.16 8.54 4.75 6.09 6.80 12.70 14.70 15.10 March ......: 5.86 9.93 8.35 4.89 6.56 6.67 13.20 15.40 14.90 April ......: 6.04 10.20 8.31 5.31 7.07 6.70 13.90 15.80 14.90 May ........: 6.46 10.90 8.07 5.91 7.26 6.54 14.80 16.10 14.40 June .......: 6.23 9.61 7.67 6.00 7.38 6.49 14.50 16.40 14.20 July .......: 6.26 8.69 7.61 6.12 7.25 6.22 14.10 15.50 14.70 August .....: 7.14 8.55 7.35 6.32 7.24 5.73 13.70 15.30 14.10 September ..: 7.75 8.78 7.07 5.47 7.09 5.21 12.20 14.20 13.20 October ....: 7.92 9.18 6.98 5.02 6.49 4.93 11.90 13.50 12.70 November ...: 8.52 9.15 6.53 5.26 6.49 4.66 12.10 14.00 13.00 December ...: 8.59 8.97 6.79 5.47 6.58 4.80 12.50 14.40 13.10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Prices Received for Beef Cattle and All Hogs by Month - United States: 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service. Blank data cells indicate estimation period has not yet begun] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Beef cattle 1/ : All hogs 2/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : January ..: 110.00 135.00 156.00 50.20 58.80 58.50 February .: 112.00 137.00 158.00 56.40 68.60 59.60 March ....: 113.00 139.00 164.00 67.20 75.10 61.70 April ....: 118.00 139.00 171.00 75.60 76.20 57.00 May ......: 118.00 141.00 173.00 79.30 75.90 58.80 June .....: 121.00 140.00 181.00 82.70 78.70 64.60 July .....: 122.00 142.00 181.00 80.00 83.00 74.30 August ...: 123.00 141.00 182.00 79.00 85.80 73.70 September : 124.00 143.00 181.00 70.80 73.80 64.90 October ..: 123.00 145.00 182.00 65.50 70.50 60.40 November .: 129.00 151.00 180.00 58.60 66.70 57.50 December .: 137.00 154.00 172.00 56.50 62.50 53.30 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Cows and steers & heifers. 2/ Barrows & gilts and sows. Prices Received for All Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (D) Arkansas ...........: (D) 5.06 5.03 California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 8.17 5.58 5.89 Idaho ..............: 8.03 6.58 7.15 Illinois ...........: 7.62 5.50 5.98 Indiana ............: 8.28 5.28 6.56 Kansas .............: 8.51 6.22 6.04 Michigan ...........: 8.14 4.87 5.38 Minnesota ..........: 9.55 6.93 7.14 : Missouri ...........: 7.97 6.15 6.60 Montana ............: 9.51 6.95 7.16 Nebraska ...........: 8.36 5.96 6.04 North Carolina .....: 8.55 5.39 5.91 North Dakota .......: 9.13 7.15 7.42 Ohio ...............: 7.35 5.33 5.63 Oklahoma ...........: 8.02 5.75 6.09 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 8.95 6.36 6.61 Texas ..............: 9.73 5.65 6.10 Washington .........: 8.05 6.38 6.02 : United States ......: 8.97 6.53 6.79 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Winter Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: (D) 5.06 5.03 California .........: (S) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 8.17 5.58 5.89 Idaho ..............: 8.03 6.51 7.16 Illinois ...........: 7.62 5.50 5.98 Indiana ............: 8.28 5.28 6.56 Kansas .............: 8.51 6.22 6.04 Michigan ...........: 8.14 4.87 5.38 Missouri ...........: 7.97 6.15 6.60 : Montana ............: 8.85 6.29 6.42 Nebraska ...........: 8.36 5.96 6.04 North Carolina .....: 8.55 5.39 5.91 North Dakota .......: 9.06 6.40 6.58 Ohio ...............: 7.35 5.33 5.63 Oklahoma ...........: 8.02 5.75 6.09 Oregon .............: (D) (D) (D) South Dakota .......: 8.92 5.77 6.31 Texas ..............: 9.73 5.65 6.10 Washington .........: 7.93 6.38 6.00 : United States ......: 8.47 6.10 6.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Durum Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arizona ............: (D) (S) (D) California .........: (D) (S) (S) Idaho ..............: (S) (S) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 9.90 9.32 9.37 : United States ......: 11.20 9.53 9.66 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Spring Wheat - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Idaho ..............: 8.03 6.77 7.33 Minnesota ..........: 9.55 6.93 7.14 Montana ............: 9.25 7.26 7.30 North Dakota .......: 9.07 6.57 6.83 South Dakota .......: 8.98 6.79 6.80 Washington .........: 8.52 6.36 6.12 : United States ......: 9.11 6.85 7.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Oats - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Illinois ...........: 5.06 (D) (D) Iowa ...............: (D) 4.61 4.75 Michigan ...........: 4.49 (S) (D) Minnesota ..........: 4.69 3.93 3.64 Montana ............: (S) (S) (D) Nebraska ...........: (D) 3.57 4.33 New York ...........: (S) (D) (S) North Dakota .......: 4.30 3.97 4.02 Oregon .............: (S) (S) (S) Pennsylvania .......: 4.43 (D) (S) South Dakota .......: 3.80 3.53 (D) Texas ..............: (D) (S) (S) Wisconsin ..........: 5.83 3.34 3.26 : United States ......: 4.54 3.92 3.98 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for All Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 6.63 7.73 7.51 Idaho ..............: 8.04 8.39 7.30 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 7.46 7.13 6.38 North Dakota .......: 7.05 (D) 6.08 Washington .........: 7.26 9.76 (D) Wyoming ............: (D) 8.13 8.24 : United States ......: 7.48 7.77 6.68 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Malting Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: 6.63 7.73 7.51 Idaho ..............: (D) 8.42 7.46 Minnesota ..........: (D) (D) (D) Montana ............: 7.54 7.30 7.01 North Dakota .......: 7.38 (D) (D) Washington .........: (D) (D) (D) Wyoming ............: (D) 8.13 8.28 : United States ......: 7.62 8.10 7.23 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Feed Barley - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : California .........: (S) (S) (S) Colorado ...........: (D) (D) (S) Idaho ..............: (D) 5.99 (D) Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (D) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 6.04 (D) (D) Washington .........: 5.50 4.64 (D) Wyoming ............: (D) (S) (D) : United States ......: 6.08 5.18 4.62 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Corn - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Colorado ...........: 7.36 5.23 5.14 Illinois ...........: 6.39 4.67 4.84 Indiana ............: 6.58 4.52 4.74 Iowa ...............: 6.69 4.74 4.89 Kansas .............: 7.26 4.84 4.79 Kentucky ...........: 6.72 4.88 5.05 Michigan ...........: 6.17 4.29 4.37 Minnesota ..........: 6.34 4.70 4.90 Missouri ...........: 6.90 4.77 4.87 Nebraska ...........: 6.83 4.85 4.89 : North Carolina .....: 7.57 5.23 5.59 North Dakota .......: 6.17 4.35 4.42 Ohio ...............: 6.24 4.40 4.64 Pennsylvania .......: 6.86 4.94 4.98 South Dakota .......: 6.62 4.47 4.40 Tennessee ..........: 6.91 4.93 4.99 Texas ..............: 7.14 5.68 5.49 Wisconsin ..........: 6.09 4.40 4.50 : United States ......: 6.58 4.66 4.80 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Sorghum Grain - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: 12.40 8.79 8.68 Nebraska ...........: 11.50 8.53 8.61 Oklahoma ...........: 12.40 8.73 8.93 Texas ..............: 12.20 9.89 8.72 : United States ......: 12.30 9.05 8.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Soybeans - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : Arkansas ...........: 14.70 12.90 13.30 Illinois ...........: 14.40 13.10 13.30 Indiana ............: 14.80 13.10 13.40 Iowa ...............: 14.50 13.20 13.00 Kansas .............: 14.60 13.00 12.80 Kentucky ...........: 14.40 13.20 13.30 Louisiana ..........: 13.60 13.40 13.30 Michigan ...........: 14.60 13.30 13.40 Minnesota ..........: 14.60 12.90 12.80 Mississippi ........: 14.00 13.60 13.60 : Missouri ...........: 14.70 13.10 13.10 Nebraska ...........: 14.30 12.80 12.80 North Carolina .....: 14.50 13.00 12.70 North Dakota .......: 13.80 12.40 12.40 Ohio ...............: 14.70 13.10 13.10 South Dakota .......: 14.40 12.80 12.90 Tennessee ..........: 14.20 13.00 13.20 Wisconsin ..........: 14.20 12.80 13.00 : United States ......: 14.40 13.00 13.10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Dry Beans - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : California .........: (D) (D) (D) Colorado ...........: 38.70 (D) (D) Idaho ..............: (D) (D) 40.60 Michigan ...........: 43.80 44.90 45.80 Minnesota ..........: 37.60 38.50 41.60 Nebraska ...........: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 38.40 39.50 40.40 : United States ......: 41.00 40.60 42.70 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Canola - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (S) Montana ............: (D) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 29.30 25.60 24.20 Oklahoma ...........: (S) (S) (S) : United States ......: 29.20 25.50 24.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Flaxseed - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per bushel : North Dakota .......: 18.30 12.20 13.40 : United States ......: 18.30 12.20 13.40 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Peanuts (in shell) - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per pound : Alabama ............: 0.273 0.237 0.226 Arkansas ...........: 0.244 0.271 (S) Florida ............: 0.294 0.263 0.267 Georgia ............: 0.229 0.254 0.234 Mississippi ........: 0.286 0.133 (S) New Mexico .........: 0.127 0.483 0.318 North Carolina .....: 0.292 0.271 0.225 Oklahoma ...........: 0.145 0.328 0.218 South Carolina .....: 0.228 0.269 0.281 Texas ..............: 0.369 0.584 0.409 Virginia ...........: (S) 0.277 0.108 : United States ......: 0.245 0.295 0.243 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Sunflower - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per cwt : Kansas .............: (D) (D) (D) Minnesota ..........: (S) (D) (D) North Dakota .......: 29.90 23.70 24.90 South Dakota .......: 27.20 19.80 20.80 : United States ......: 29.50 22.60 24.20 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received for Upland Cotton and Cottonseed - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Cottonseed marketing year August - February] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Cottonseed State :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : -------- dollars per pound -------- --------- dollars per ton -------- : Alabama ............: 0.839 0.636 0.705 216.00 177.00 178.00 Arizona ............: (D) (S) (S) 433.00 297.00 302.00 Arkansas ...........: 0.715 (D) (D) 375.00 235.00 (S) California .........: (D) (S) (S) (S) 375.00 (S) Georgia ............: 1.010 0.818 0.797 269.00 166.00 168.00 Louisiana ..........: (D) 0.639 0.792 (S) (S) (S) Mississippi ........: (D) 0.706 0.758 (S) 255.00 (S) North Carolina .....: 0.866 0.783 0.791 274.00 229.00 226.00 Tennessee ..........: 0.912 0.692 (D) 362.00 244.00 240.00 Texas ..............: 0.780 0.686 0.724 400.00 251.00 253.00 : United States ......: 0.846 0.724 0.732 315.00 226.00 209.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. Prices Received and Marketings for Upland Cotton and Rice - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Cotton, Upland : Average price ......dollars/pound: 0.846 0.724 0.732 Marketings 1/ ........1,000 bales: 1,576 1,555 1,801 : Rice, all : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 20.80 17.00 17.50 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 11,834 14,924 12,104 : Rice, long : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 16.80 15.60 15.70 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 9,198 12,722 9,868 : Rice, medium and short : California : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 40.10 33.30 32.90 : Other States 3/ : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 17.50 16.70 17.20 : United States : Average price ........dollars/cwt: 34.70 25.30 25.80 Marketings 2/ ..........1,000 cwt: 2,636 2,202 2,236 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Marketings based on a survey of cotton buyers in the major producing States - Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas. 2/ Purchases by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped by cooperatives. 3/ Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas. Prices Received for Hay by Type - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : All hay : Alfalfa hay : Other hay State :-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December : November : December : December : November : December : December : November : December : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : Arizona ..............: 341.00 214.00 219.00 350.00 215.00 220.00 245.00 135.00 150.00 California ...........: 352.00 215.00 238.00 370.00 220.00 245.00 300.00 200.00 215.00 Colorado .............: 257.00 255.00 244.00 260.00 255.00 245.00 250.00 250.00 240.00 Idaho ................: 268.00 195.00 195.00 270.00 195.00 195.00 240.00 195.00 190.00 Illinois .............: 163.00 167.00 171.00 185.00 180.00 185.00 120.00 135.00 140.00 Iowa .................: 175.00 182.00 169.00 186.00 189.00 181.00 154.00 149.00 151.00 Kansas ...............: 232.00 203.00 191.00 270.00 230.00 215.00 152.00 153.00 147.00 Kentucky .............: 178.00 194.00 197.00 220.00 230.00 230.00 165.00 181.00 184.00 Michigan .............: 167.00 176.00 173.00 190.00 200.00 195.00 120.00 135.00 135.00 Minnesota ............: 156.00 163.00 158.00 174.00 182.00 172.00 128.00 143.00 132.00 : Missouri .............: 143.00 143.00 143.00 170.00 175.00 175.00 140.00 135.00 135.00 Montana ..............: 233.00 163.00 158.00 235.00 165.00 160.00 225.00 150.00 145.00 Nebraska .............: 185.00 173.00 172.00 209.00 190.00 188.00 130.00 135.00 136.00 Nevada ...............: 309.00 192.00 174.00 310.00 195.00 175.00 280.00 155.00 140.00 New Mexico ...........: 289.00 283.00 263.00 300.00 290.00 270.00 235.00 245.00 225.00 New York .............: 184.00 172.00 199.00 255.00 224.00 240.00 162.00 156.00 187.00 North Dakota .........: 113.00 116.00 112.00 118.00 120.00 117.00 83.00 80.00 86.00 Ohio .................: 164.00 178.00 175.00 180.00 195.00 190.00 155.00 165.00 165.00 Oklahoma .............: 150.00 130.00 115.00 271.00 195.00 195.00 141.00 117.00 110.00 Oregon ...............: 304.00 250.00 246.00 325.00 255.00 250.00 270.00 240.00 240.00 : Pennsylvania .........: 179.00 174.00 198.00 255.00 224.00 244.00 165.00 161.00 186.00 South Dakota .........: 167.00 152.00 156.00 183.00 160.00 170.00 130.00 135.00 132.00 Texas ................: 193.00 217.00 216.00 271.00 268.00 270.00 175.00 209.00 209.00 Utah .................: 305.00 194.00 175.00 310.00 195.00 175.00 250.00 140.00 130.00 Washington ...........: 314.00 249.00 240.00 325.00 250.00 240.00 280.00 245.00 240.00 Wisconsin ............: 159.00 184.00 179.00 168.00 196.00 187.00 115.00 140.00 148.00 Wyoming ..............: 235.00 199.00 187.00 240.00 200.00 190.00 220.00 195.00 180.00 : United States ........: 235.00 195.00 191.00 268.00 207.00 205.00 180.00 170.00 170.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Premium and Supreme Alfalfa Hay - States and 5-State Total: December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per ton : California .........: 390.00 290.00 320.00 Idaho ..............: 305.00 255.00 250.00 Michigan ...........: 215.00 225.00 225.00 Minnesota ..........: 224.00 208.00 221.00 New York ...........: 320.00 304.00 315.00 Pennsylvania .......: 333.00 311.00 310.00 Texas ..............: 334.00 309.00 309.00 Wisconsin ..........: 196.00 230.00 233.00 : 5-State Total 1/ 2/ : 327.00 271.00 275.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ 5-State total represents a weighted (hay purchases) average price for the five largest milk producing States (based on the pounds of milk produced during the previous month). 2/ For December 2022, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For November 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. For December 2023, includes California, Idaho, New York, Texas, and Wisconsin. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2022 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 44.50 25.27 33.43 7.03 22.66 31.03 3.96 : Lemons ..............................: 42.70 24.39 31.63 (D) 17.55 24.43 (D) : Oranges .............................: 34.50 15.94 23.81 9.06 12.91 20.89 5.92 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: November 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 54.40 30.99 43.28 6.47 28.22 41.04 2.65 : Lemons ..............................: 54.40 35.56 43.09 (D) 28.51 35.75 (D) : Oranges .............................: 40.00 23.45 28.74 (D) 20.33 25.66 (D) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for Citrus Fruits by Utilization - States and United States: December 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Equivalent returns Commodity, : FOB :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State, : packed : Packinghouse door : On-tree and type : fresh :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : All : Fresh : Process : All : Fresh : Process --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per box : Grapefruit ..........................: 53.20 28.74 41.73 6.81 25.97 39.34 3.39 : Lemons ..............................: 50.40 31.44 39.11 (D) 24.41 31.77 (D) : Oranges .............................: 35.80 16.01 24.45 9.57 12.56 21.37 5.83 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. Prices Received for All Milk - States and United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Before deduction for hauling. Includes quality, quantity, and other premiums. Excludes hauling subsidies] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : December 2022 : November 2023 : December 2023 State :------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Price :Fat test : Price :Fat test : Price : Fat test ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- :dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent dollars per cwt percent : Arizona ............: 23.90 3.94 20.70 4.04 19.60 4.09 California .........: 23.90 4.27 21.80 4.28 20.90 4.32 Colorado ...........: 25.00 4.07 22.50 4.16 21.30 4.19 Florida ............: 28.10 3.78 25.80 3.94 25.20 3.94 Georgia ............: 27.70 3.97 25.70 4.02 24.80 4.08 Idaho ..............: 25.10 4.43 22.00 4.50 20.30 4.46 Illinois ...........: 24.50 4.27 21.70 4.31 20.70 4.35 Indiana ............: 25.30 4.16 22.80 4.17 21.90 4.21 Iowa ...............: 24.00 4.38 19.60 4.52 19.10 4.55 Kansas .............: 23.10 4.39 20.50 4.37 19.60 4.46 : Michigan ...........: 23.40 4.11 21.10 4.22 20.20 4.23 Minnesota ..........: 24.50 4.51 20.70 4.66 19.40 4.64 New Mexico .........: 22.20 4.10 20.30 4.19 19.20 4.22 New York ...........: 24.90 4.17 23.20 4.28 21.90 4.30 Ohio ...............: 25.50 4.17 22.60 4.14 21.50 4.21 Oregon .............: 28.20 4.60 24.90 4.58 23.40 4.58 Pennsylvania .......: 25.50 4.18 23.10 4.24 21.80 4.22 South Dakota .......: 25.90 4.72 21.60 4.76 20.60 4.77 Texas ..............: 24.60 4.40 21.50 4.38 20.40 4.49 Utah ...............: 24.40 4.20 21.80 4.25 20.60 4.32 : Vermont ............: 25.40 4.18 23.60 4.31 22.40 4.34 Virginia ...........: 27.70 4.12 25.80 4.16 24.80 4.22 Washington .........: 26.10 4.48 23.50 4.46 21.90 4.46 Wisconsin ..........: 23.70 4.22 19.80 4.26 19.00 4.29 : United States ......: 24.50 4.27 21.70 4.32 20.60 4.35 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Received for Milk Cows - States and United States: October 2024 with Comparisons [Animals sold for dairy herd replacement only. Quarterly United States milk cow prices are based on revised milk cow inventory] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- State : January 2023 : October 2023 : January 2024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per head : Arizona ............: 1,850 1,850 2,000 California .........: 1,820 1,800 1,750 Colorado ...........: 1,700 1,850 1,800 Florida ............: 1,750 2,030 2,230 Georgia ............: 1,550 1,820 1,970 Idaho ..............: 1,600 1,800 1,900 Illinois ...........: 1,640 1,730 1,850 Indiana ............: 1,860 1,930 2,020 Iowa ...............: 1,670 1,820 1,860 Kansas .............: 1,700 1,800 1,850 : Michigan ...........: 1,800 1,980 2,190 Minnesota ..........: 1,560 1,810 1,850 New Mexico .........: 1,750 1,650 1,900 New York ...........: 1,720 1,880 1,940 Ohio ...............: 1,550 1,780 1,810 Oregon .............: 1,500 1,600 1,650 Pennsylvania .......: 1,800 1,870 1,970 South Dakota .......: 1,700 1,800 1,830 Texas ..............: 1,550 1,850 1,750 Utah ...............: 1,450 1,600 1,600 : Vermont ............: 1,760 1,850 1,950 Virginia ...........: 1,700 1,800 2,000 Washington .........: 1,500 1,750 1,750 Wisconsin ..........: 1,810 1,990 2,060 : United States ......: 1,720 1,850 1,890 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Parity Price Overview Parity prices, based on data from January 2023, and adjusted base price data from which parity prices are computed are presented in the tables on the following pages. Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III. Subtitle A, Section 301(a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, 1954, and 1956. The parity prices shown in this report are based on the provisions of the amended Act. Briefly, the actual method of computation is as follows: a. The average of prices received by farmers for individual commodities for the 10 preceding years is calculated (for 2023, the 10-average includes the years 2013-2022). An allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental payments resulting from price support programs, such as the deficiency payments for grains and cotton, is included for those commodities for which applicable. b. This 10-year average is divided by the average of the Index of Prices Received by Farmers for the same 10 preceding calendar years, adjusted to include an allowance for unredeemed loans and other supplemental price support operations, to give an "adjusted base price". c. Parity prices are computed by multiplying the "adjusted base prices" by the current Parity Index (the Index of Prices Paid by Farmers, including Interest, Taxes, and Wage Rates, 1910-1914=100). Parity prices are calculated in terms of prices received by farmers in the local markets in which they ordinarily sell. This means that the parity prices apply to the average of all classes and grades of the commodity as sold by all farmers in the United States, except as otherwise specified. Fruits and vegetables for fresh use and for processing are usually considered separate commodities and separate parity prices are calculated. The Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937 provided for parity prices for certain commodities covered by a marketing agreement or order program. Under present legislation, United States parity prices, with appropriate adjustments where needed, may be used for the purpose of this Act. Commodity Parity Prices and Price as Percent of Parity Price - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations. Parity data not available for blank cells. Primary source of data for livestock and milk prices is United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Marketing Service] ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Price as percent :Adjusted : : : of parity Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------------------------- : price :December :November :December :December :November :December : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------------- dollars ------------- ------- percent ------ : Basic commodities : All wheat ............bushel: 0.544 19.70 20.40 20.20 46 32 34 Rice ....................cwt: 1.29 47.10 48.30 48.00 44 35 36 Corn .................bushel: 0.407 15.10 15.20 15.10 44 31 32 Cotton : Upland ..............pound: 0.066 2.41 2.47 2.46 35 29 30 American Pima .......pound: 0.144 4.93 5.39 5.36 50 33 33 Peanuts ...............pound: 0.021 0.816 0.786 0.781 30 38 31 Small chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.26 82.70 84.60 84.10 36 79 47 Large chickpeas 1/ ......cwt: 2.76 105.00 103.00 103.00 34 37 34 Lentils 1/ ..............cwt: 2.33 81.60 87.20 86.70 43 45 45 : Designated non-basic : All milk, to plants 2/ ..cwt: 1.80 64.20 67.40 67.00 38 31 30 Honey, extracted 3/ ...pound: 0.210 7.46 7.86 7.81 40 38 38 : Wool and mohair : Wool ..................pound: 0.147 5.49 5.50 5.47 31 28 28 Mohair ................pound: 0.485 17.20 18.20 18.00 33 36 36 : Other non-basic : Apples, fresh 4/ ......pound: 0.045 1.520 1.680 1.670 58 41 38 Barley ...............bushel: 0.489 18.00 18.30 18.20 42 42 37 Canola ..................cwt: 1.85 67.50 69.20 68.80 43 37 35 Cottonseed ..............ton: 19.50 697.00 730.00 726.00 45 31 29 Dry edible beans ........cwt: 3.09 114.00 116.00 115.00 37 35 39 Flaxseed .............bushel: 1.19 40.80 44.50 44.30 45 27 30 Oats .................bushel: 0.301 10.60 11.30 11.20 43 35 36 Potatoes, fresh .........cwt: 1.07 39.70 40.10 39.80 54 29 28 Sorghum grain ...........cwt: 0.718 26.40 26.90 26.70 47 34 33 Soybeans .............bushel: 1.01 37.80 37.80 37.60 38 34 35 Sunflower, all ..........cwt: 2.06 74.60 77.10 76.70 40 29 32 : Citrus (equivalent on-tree) : Grapefruit ..............box: 1.08 37.80 40.40 40.20 60 70 65 Lemons ..................box: 2.10 77.50 78.60 78.10 23 36 31 Oranges .................box: 1.130 40.10 42.30 42.00 32 48 30 : Livestock and poultry : Beef cattle .............cwt: 11.80 434.00 442.00 439.00 35 41 39 Broilers ..............pound: 0.052 1.82 1.95 1.93 40 34 38 Calves ..................cwt: 17.30 638.00 648.00 644.00 32 45 43 Eggs 2/ ...............dozen: 0.111 3.63 4.15 4.13 98 39 36 Hogs ....................cwt: 5.50 202.00 206.00 205.00 31 28 26 Turkeys, live .........pound: 0.069 2.450 2.580 2.570 50 25 18 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Parity prices began January 2015. 2/ Seasonally adjusted price as percentage of parity price. 3/ Wholesale extracted. Adjusted base price derived from state annual averages prices weighted by production. For 1982 through 1985 the national averages are the support prices. 4/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York, Oregon, and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : : Parity price : Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :----------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Field crops and miscellaneous : Hops ..............................pound: 0.481 16.90 18.00 17.90 Mustard seed ........................cwt: 3.00 109.00 112.00 112.00 Rapeseed ............................cwt: 2.32 87.90 86.80 86.30 Rye ..............................bushel: 0.595 22.20 22.30 22.10 Safflower ...........................cwt: 2.21 80.50 82.70 82.20 Spearmint oil .....................pound: 1.66 61.20 62.10 61.80 Sweet potatoes ......................cwt: 2.06 76.00 77.10 76.70 : Tobacco : Flue-cured, 11-14 ...............pound: 0.185 6.86 6.92 6.88 Fire-cured, 21-23 ...............pound: 0.253 9.31 9.47 9.41 Burley, 31 ......................pound: 0.185 6.82 6.92 6.88 Maryland, 32 ....................pound: 0.185 6.56 6.92 6.88 Dark air-cured, 35-37 ...........pound: 0.226 8.31 8.46 8.41 Pennsylvania seedleaf, 41 .......pound: 0.253 8.72 9.47 9.41 : Non-citrus fruit : Apples, processing 1/ 2/ ............ton: 20.20 768.00 756.00 752.00 Apricots, fresh 3/ ..................ton: 123.00 4,600.00 4,600.00 4,580.00 Avocados 2/ 3/ ......................ton: 217.00 6,970.00 8,120.00 8,070.00 Cherries : Sweet .............................ton: 218.00 7,680.00 8,160.00 8,110.00 Tart 2/ .........................pound: 0.028 1.190 1.050 1.040 Cranberry 2/ 4/ ..................barrel: 3.08 119.00 115.00 115.00 Dates (California) 3/ ...............ton: 255.00 8,830.00 9,540.00 9,490.00 : Grapes (California) : Wine, processing ..................ton: 83.50 3,000.00 3,130.00 3,110.00 Kiwifruit 2/ ........................ton: 153.00 5,230.00 5,730.00 5,690.00 Nectarines, fresh (California) 3/ ...ton: 92.60 3,260.00 3,470.00 3,450.00 Olives, canning (California) 4/ .....ton: 111.00 4,040.00 4,150.00 4,130.00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Commodity Parity Prices - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons (continued) [Parity prices are computed under the provisions of Title III, Subtitle a, Section 301 (a) of the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 as amended by the Agricultural Acts of 1948, 1949, and 1956. See February "Agricultural Prices" for details on adjusted base price and parity price computations] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : : Parity price :Adjusted : : : Commodity and unit : base :-------------------------------------------- : price : December : November : December : : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Non-citrus fruit - continued : Papayas (Hawaii) .................pound: 0.051 1.67 1.91 1.90 Peaches, fresh 4/ 5/ ...............ton: 117.00 4,190.00 4,380.00 4,350.00 Pears, fresh 5/ ....................ton: 60.60 2,280.00 2,270.00 2,250.00 Plums (California) equivalent on-tree : Fresh 6/ .........................ton: 97.80 3,370.00 3,660.00 3,640.00 Strawberries : Fresh 7/ .........................cwt: 10.80 386.00 404.00 402.00 Processing .......................cwt: 4.05 153.00 152.00 151.00 : Sugar crops : Sugar beets 2/ 8/ ................ton: 4.25 159.00 159.00 158.00 Sugarcane 2/ 8/ ..................ton: 3.45 126.00 129.00 128.00 : Tree nuts 9/ : Almonds ..........................pound: 0.235 9.16 8.80 8.74 Hazelnuts ..........................ton: 218.00 8,270.00 8,160.00 8,110.00 Pistachios .......................pound: 0.242 9.38 9.06 9.00 Walnuts ............................ton: 182.00 7,640.00 6,810.00 6,770.00 : Vegetables, fresh 7/ : Carrots 10/ ........................cwt: 2.92 97.90 109.00 109.00 Cauliflower 10/ ....................cwt: 4.71 156.00 176.00 175.00 Celery 10/ .........................cwt: 2.24 79.00 83.80 83.40 Honeydew melons ....................cwt: 2.37 77.90 88.70 88.20 Lettuce ............................cwt: 2.85 97.90 107.00 106.00 Onions 10/ .........................cwt: 1.68 53.80 62.90 62.50 Tomatoes ...........................cwt: 4.22 151.00 158.00 157.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Equivalent returns at processing plant door. 2/ Adjusted base price is carried forward from the previous year since current marketing year average price is not yet available. 3/ Equivalent returns at packinghouse door. 4/ Equivalent returns for bulk fruit at first delivery point. 5/ Equivalent packinghouse-door returns for California, New York (apples only), Oregon (except Peaches), and Washington. Price at point of first sale for other states. 6/ Based on "as sold" prices for fresh fruit in all states. 7/ FOB shipping point price. 8/ Relates to prices including average conditional payments per ton made under the sugar acts of 1937 and 1948. Crop deficiency and abandonment payments not included. 9/ Prices In-Shell basis except almonds which are shelled basis. 10/ Includes some processing. Marketing Year for Specified Commodities Rice: August 1 to July 31 for United States, Arkansas, and Mississippi; July 1 to June 30 for Louisiana and Texas; September 1 to August 31 for Missouri; October 1 to September 30 for California. Rice Market Year Average Prices Received by All and Length of Grain - States and United States: Marketing Years 2021 through 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------- State : 2021 : 2022 ----------------------------------------------------------------- : : All rice : Arkansas ..............: 13.50 16.50 California ............: 32.00 41.00 Louisiana .............: 13.70 17.00 Mississippi ...........: 13.50 16.90 Missouri ..............: 13.60 16.60 Texas .................: 14.20 17.40 : United States 1/ ......: 16.10 19.80 : Long grain : United States 1/ ......: 13.60 16.70 : Medium and short grain : California ............: 31.90 40.90 Other States 1/ .......: 13.90 18.20 : United States 1/ ......: 26.40 33.80 ----------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Based on state prices weighted by marketings for August through July. All Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 19.20 22.40 4,685 4,532 September .: 17.70 17.30 9,203 10,144 October ...: 18.80 17.30 10,359 15,149 November ..: 19.70 17.00 9,616 14,924 December ..: 20.80 17.50 11,834 12,104 January 3/ : 20.30 14,942 February ..: 19.60 11,044 March .....: 19.30 14,412 April .....: 20.00 9,200 May .......: 20.40 8,037 June ......: 21.20 6,430 July ......: 22.00 5,247 : MYA .......: 19.80 115,009 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2025 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Long Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 15.60 16.90 3,455 3,982 September .: 16.10 15.60 7,465 9,492 October ...: 16.00 15.40 8,676 12,004 November ..: 16.20 15.60 7,667 12,722 December ..: 16.80 15.70 9,198 9,868 January 3/ : 16.80 12,032 February ..: 17.10 9,333 March .....: 17.10 12,510 April .....: 17.10 7,940 May .......: 17.00 6,702 June ......: 16.60 4,903 July ......: 16.80 3,965 : MYA .......: 16.70 93,846 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2025 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received and Marketing Percentages by Month - United States: Marketing Years 2022-2022 through 2023-2024 [Marketing year average (MYA) prices are weighted average prices for the United States marketing year of August through July] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Prices received : Farm marketings 1/ Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ : 2022-2023 2/ : 2023-2024 2/ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ---------- 1,000 cwt --------- : August ....: 29.30 39.30 1,230 1,108 September .: 24.30 30.30 1,738 1,224 October ...: 33.10 24.70 1,683 3,145 November ..: 33.10 25.30 1,949 2,202 December ..: 34.70 25.80 2,636 2,236 January 3/ : 35.00 2,910 February ..: 33.50 1,711 March .....: 33.70 1,902 April .....: 38.20 1,260 May .......: 37.60 1,335 June ......: 36.20 1,527 July ......: 38.10 1,282 : MYA .......: 33.80 21,163 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Purchases from producers as reported by private firms and rice (rough equivalent) shipped from producers as reported by cooperative mills. 2/ Prices and marketings include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. Final monthly prices, marketings, and MYA price will be published in the January 2025 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Medium and Short Grain Rice Prices Received by Month - California and Other States: Marketing Years 2022-2023 through 2023-2024 [Marketing year for California: October - September. Marketing Year for Other States: August - July. Other States include Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : California : Other States Month :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022-2023 1/ : 2023-2024 1/ : 2022-2023 : 2023-2024 2/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : ------ dollars per cwt ------ ------ dollars per cwt ------ : August ......: 32.70 40.60 16.80 21.30 September ...: 32.70 40.90 17.10 18.30 October .....: 41.90 33.60 17.30 18.90 November ....: 39.60 33.30 17.50 16.70 December ....: 40.10 32.90 17.50 17.20 January 3/ ..: 41.90 17.80 February ....: 41.70 18.10 March .......: 40.90 19.30 April .......: 40.90 18.10 May .........: 41.20 20.70 June ........: 40.60 20.90 July ........: 40.70 22.10 : MYA .........: 40.90 18.20 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Prices include late reports and revised data for October 2022 - November 2023. 2/ Prices include late reports and revised data for August 2023 - November 2023. Final monthly prices and MYA price will be published in the October 2024 "Agricultural Prices" report. 3/ Second year. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 86.0 89.8 92.9 93.4 92.2 93.4 91.1 91.4 88.1 86.2 89.9 91.1 89.9 2020 ..: 88.7 90.6 92.5 82.0 84.5 88.0 86.6 86.7 88.6 88.7 92.6 90.7 94.9 2021 ..: 89.3 94.8 97.6 104.3 106.3 107.3 106.9 109.6 108.7 106.9 108.7 112.8 110.0 2022 ..: 111.6 119.8 127.2 133.8 135.0 135.3 134.3 131.4 131.2 127.6 133.5 137.8 130.1 2023 ..: 124.5 126.6 128.3 131.0 127.2 127.6 125.1 125.6 121.8 113.9 114.0 113.5 118.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 78.0 84.3 87.2 85.2 84.0 89.5 88.9 89.4 88.6 83.1 85.0 86.0 84.8 2020 ..: 82.2 86.6 87.4 86.3 86.7 89.5 88.4 89.9 93.1 87.8 91.6 91.2 100.5 2021 ..: 88.3 97.2 98.5 105.1 106.1 107.5 106.8 110.5 108.8 106.4 107.5 106.6 114.5 2022 ..: 105.0 114.6 120.9 122.9 124.2 126.9 125.0 128.2 126.8 121.6 127.0 128.7 123.3 2023 ..: 118.0 120.6 118.7 126.2 120.6 120.7 119.5 117.7 112.4 103.9 101.0 101.7 106.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grain and oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 64.8 65.3 65.0 63.5 63.1 66.9 67.0 65.8 65.2 67.2 65.0 66.0 64.6 2020 ..: 67.4 67.2 66.1 62.5 60.9 60.6 61.4 61.8 66.1 70.4 71.7 75.0 87.0 2021 ..: 78.5 88.4 90.6 96.8 104.1 101.6 99.7 104.1 96.1 91.9 93.1 97.8 109.6 2022 ..: 99.3 109.6 116.1 122.2 124.9 126.3 120.5 121.1 116.8 109.3 111.1 113.7 113.0 2023 ..: 113.7 117.0 114.8 115.1 111.9 109.7 107.6 102.9 96.4 93.9 88.8 91.1 92.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 73.8 74.5 72.9 70.8 68.8 66.6 62.2 62.9 65.1 71.3 74.2 73.8 72.7 2020 ..: 77.8 78.6 79.3 79.6 79.1 68.8 65.1 68.0 72.5 77.1 81.4 82.5 79.8 2021 ..: 84.2 88.9 88.6 90.3 96.6 88.6 86.4 98.4 105.0 110.5 113.2 118.0 115.5 2022 ..: 118.0 120.3 127.8 131.0 138.6 129.6 118.0 118.5 119.8 126.4 128.9 129.4 123.5 2023 ..: 125.3 122.8 120.7 121.5 121.0 109.0 106.2 105.4 102.4 106.0 101.5 102.9 104.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grain :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 59.4 60.3 60.6 59.0 60.6 66.6 69.7 66.6 63.8 64.1 61.2 61.7 59.2 2020 ..: 63.1 63.1 61.6 55.1 53.6 53.2 54.7 54.1 57.9 60.8 64.1 67.2 81.4 2021 ..: 71.2 80.0 82.0 88.8 98.5 99.8 101.7 104.7 91.3 83.9 87.9 91.5 104.9 2022 ..: 93.2 101.7 109.4 117.7 120.8 122.5 120.0 121.1 118.4 108.6 108.7 110.1 109.1 2023 ..: 110.5 113.5 111.3 111.7 108.9 108.2 103.6 96.8 87.7 82.6 78.2 80.4 82.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Oilseed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 69.4 68.9 68.6 66.9 65.2 67.5 67.8 67.1 67.0 68.9 68.7 69.6 68.6 2020 ..: 70.9 69.3 68.5 67.6 67.4 67.7 69.0 70.5 74.1 77.0 82.0 84.3 97.5 2021 ..: 86.8 100.2 103.9 109.6 116.0 113.9 111.1 108.2 98.4 95.5 97.4 100.7 113.9 2022 ..: 103.7 117.7 122.9 125.9 127.9 130.7 123.7 122.9 113.6 108.0 111.9 114.8 115.0 2023 ..: 116.0 120.5 118.5 118.4 114.5 112.9 116.6 112.5 105.6 101.4 103.6 104.3 103.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fruit and tree nut :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 118.0 110.4 114.2 106.5 98.5 112.9 120.7 124.4 128.8 128.0 127.0 123.4 119.3 2020 ..: 113.0 129.2 127.4 121.4 121.5 135.5 146.2 141.1 142.2 145.3 145.1 135.0 137.4 2021 ..: 125.8 125.4 120.3 138.6 123.2 127.9 130.0 134.3 133.5 134.7 135.7 133.0 135.1 2022 ..: 135.8 135.8 125.8 135.3 132.3 140.4 141.9 151.7 151.3 154.6 152.6 147.0 154.2 2023 ..: 151.6 138.7 132.9 140.2 130.4 143.2 155.4 164.3 165.8 163.4 158.4 143.8 151.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Vegetables & melons :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 117.2 122.8 144.4 113.7 104.5 127.5 121.9 102.1 99.5 123.5 144.5 135.1 121.5 2020 ..: 189.5 111.9 128.7 112.0 109.4 133.5 118.9 100.9 123.8 134.5 151.5 117.1 127.1 2021 ..: 121.2 99.0 104.8 93.3 93.8 103.6 104.1 99.6 123.3 193.5 174.5 120.8 120.5 2022 ..: 130.9 130.2 173.2 127.3 126.8 127.0 136.1 141.9 160.2 239.2 304.3 300.4 175.0 2023 ..: 171.2 155.2 147.8 207.4 160.7 164.4 159.0 141.1 132.8 130.4 143.7 142.8 155.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other crop :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 84.9 84.8 86.4 88.1 91.0 93.7 92.9 86.8 94.0 87.3 82.2 82.9 84.0 2020 ..: 80.4 80.4 79.4 78.5 80.9 85.5 87.0 86.6 92.9 87.9 84.4 85.5 87.8 2021 ..: 86.2 88.6 88.7 89.5 97.5 103.0 103.0 105.2 110.2 108.4 105.1 105.7 109.1 2022 ..: 108.8 110.7 113.2 114.5 119.8 126.2 129.0 126.6 130.5 122.5 111.2 110.8 118.0 2023 ..: 108.8 110.6 113.9 118.3 122.0 127.5 123.7 110.7 115.8 107.1 99.0 97.2 108.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Food commodity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 92.3 93.8 97.5 97.3 95.6 96.3 93.2 94.0 90.0 89.4 96.7 96.8 94.7 2020 ..: 96.1 95.1 97.7 84.2 87.7 92.4 90.4 90.1 92.0 93.9 100.3 95.3 97.2 2021 ..: 93.8 96.8 100.0 106.9 107.7 108.7 107.9 110.7 111.3 111.7 114.6 118.5 111.1 2022 ..: 118.7 125.3 133.3 139.6 140.5 140.2 139.4 135.2 135.3 133.7 145.3 150.3 137.4 2023 ..: 132.1 132.1 134.4 136.9 132.5 132.9 131.0 133.4 130.3 123.3 128.6 125.2 129.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 97.7 95.0 97.8 100.4 99.2 97.0 93.7 93.3 87.5 90.9 96.2 97.1 95.6 2020 ..: 98.4 94.6 97.1 78.2 82.6 86.7 84.4 83.5 83.8 90.2 93.9 90.2 88.7 2021 ..: 90.7 92.5 96.8 103.6 106.5 107.2 107.1 108.7 108.6 107.7 110.2 120.1 105.1 2022 ..: 123.6 125.6 133.8 144.7 145.6 144.4 146.2 134.9 136.5 139.2 143.6 150.7 138.9 2023 ..: 136.4 133.3 138.3 135.7 133.7 135.1 132.3 134.3 133.0 133.1 134.0 130.0 134.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Meat animal :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 96.7 97.6 100.7 104.9 102.0 97.2 94.9 94.9 86.0 89.7 92.9 94.7 96.1 2020 ..: 98.5 96.5 92.8 87.5 91.4 88.0 79.9 85.2 87.8 91.8 91.1 89.8 90.0 2021 ..: 91.7 95.3 99.8 106.2 106.8 109.9 109.7 110.2 108.3 106.2 106.9 110.1 105.3 2022 ..: 111.1 116.2 119.6 120.0 121.1 121.3 124.1 124.7 122.0 122.6 124.7 123.8 121.1 2023 ..: 122.2 124.3 129.3 131.9 135.0 142.1 146.2 147.6 142.4 142.7 139.5 129.8 136.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 106.2 107.8 110.3 109.7 104.3 99.4 97.6 96.7 90.4 94.7 99.7 103.3 101.6 2020 ..: 107.0 105.2 99.3 94.8 95.4 95.3 85.4 90.5 91.8 94.1 95.3 95.6 95.8 2021 ..: 97.2 98.7 99.5 103.8 103.1 105.5 106.6 107.8 108.9 108.7 113.3 119.8 106.1 2022 ..: 118.5 120.4 121.7 121.7 123.0 122.2 123.9 123.6 125.4 127.8 132.7 134.8 124.6 2023 ..: 136.6 138.4 144.1 150.5 152.0 158.7 158.7 160.1 160.4 163.9 161.9 153.3 153.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hog :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 67.1 65.3 69.9 89.3 93.7 89.5 85.1 88.0 71.7 73.8 72.2 71.1 78.1 2020 ..: 71.9 68.4 71.7 63.6 76.7 62.1 60.0 64.5 74.7 84.7 78.0 73.8 70.9 2021 ..: 75.5 84.8 101.1 113.7 119.2 124.4 120.3 118.8 106.5 98.5 88.1 85.0 103.0 2022 ..: 88.4 103.2 112.9 114.6 114.1 118.3 124.8 129.0 111.0 106.0 100.3 94.0 109.7 2023 ..: 88.0 89.6 92.8 85.7 88.4 97.1 111.7 110.8 97.6 90.8 86.5 80.2 93.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Dairy :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 82.6 83.6 87.6 88.1 89.6 90.0 93.0 94.0 96.0 100.0 105.5 103.0 92.7 2020 ..: 97.0 93.5 88.6 71.1 67.7 90.0 102.0 92.0 87.6 98.5 104.5 90.0 90.2 2021 ..: 85.1 83.1 86.1 91.0 95.0 90.5 88.6 87.6 91.0 97.5 103.0 108.0 92.2 2022 ..: 118.9 121.9 127.4 134.3 135.3 132.8 126.9 119.9 119.9 127.4 126.4 121.9 126.1 2023 ..: 114.9 107.5 105.0 103.0 96.0 89.1 86.6 98.0 104.5 107.5 108.0 102.5 101.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 111.8 99.9 101.3 103.1 102.7 102.8 91.9 89.4 83.2 86.0 95.1 96.7 96.9 2020 ..: 99.4 91.8 112.2 67.0 79.3 81.5 79.6 74.4 73.7 81.4 91.2 90.8 85.2 2021 ..: 93.7 96.2 101.3 111.7 118.0 119.3 119.4 124.4 125.8 120.3 124.4 151.1 117.1 2022 ..: 158.9 153.0 176.9 215.7 213.3 211.9 217.4 176.0 189.2 191.9 209.5 241.7 195.7 2023 ..: 188.6 180.0 193.0 178.0 168.5 165.7 143.5 134.6 137.8 133.3 145.5 155.6 160.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Prices Received Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Agricultural production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 888 927 959 963 952 964 941 943 909 889 928 940 928 2020 ..: 915 935 955 846 872 908 893 895 914 915 955 936 980 2021 ..: 921 978 1007 1076 1097 1108 1103 1131 1122 1103 1121 1164 1135 2022 ..: 1152 1236 1313 1381 1393 1396 1385 1356 1354 1317 1377 1422 1343 2023 ..: 1285 1306 1324 1352 1313 1316 1291 1296 1256 1176 1176 1172 1224 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 680 735 761 743 732 781 775 779 773 725 741 750 738 2020 ..: 717 755 762 753 756 780 771 784 812 765 799 795 875 2021 ..: 770 848 859 917 925 938 931 964 949 928 937 929 997 2022 ..: 916 999 1055 1072 1083 1106 1090 1118 1106 1061 1107 1122 1073 2023 ..: 1029 1051 1035 1101 1052 1052 1042 1026 981 906 881 887 927 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 1134 1103 1136 1165 1152 1126 1088 1083 1016 1055 1117 1128 1112 2020 ..: 1143 1098 1128 908 959 1007 981 970 974 1048 1091 1048 1032 2021 ..: 1054 1075 1124 1203 1237 1245 1244 1262 1262 1252 1280 1395 1222 2022 ..: 1436 1459 1555 1681 1691 1678 1698 1567 1586 1617 1668 1751 1615 2023 ..: 1584 1549 1606 1576 1553 1569 1537 1560 1545 1547 1557 1510 1560 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using monthly commodity market shares. Reliability of Prices Received Estimates Definition: Prices received represent sales from producers to first buyers. They include all grades and qualities. The average commodity price from the survey multiplied by the total quantity marketed theoretically should give the total cash receipts for the commodity. Survey procedures: Primary sales data used to determine grain prices were obtained from probability samples of about 1,900 mills and elevators. These procedures ensure that virtually all grain moving into commercial channels has a chance of being included in the survey. Generally, States surveyed account for 90 percent or more of total United States production. Livestock prices are obtained from packers, stockyards, auctions, dealers, and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, and state commodity groups and agencies. Inter-farm sales of grain and livestock are not included since they represent very small percentages of the total sales. Grain marketed for seed is also excluded. Fruit and vegetable prices are obtained from sample surveys and market check data from AMS-USDA, private marketing organizations, state agencies, and universities. Summary and estimation procedures: Survey quantities sold are expanded by strata to state levels and used to weight average strata prices to a state average. State prices are then weighted to a United States price based on expanded sales. Recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and reviewed by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. State recommendations are reviewed for reasonableness with survey data, other States, and recent historic estimates. Revisions: In general, revisions are made during annual commodity market year estimation time, following five-year Census revisions, or when later information is received. Revisions are published in monthly issues of Agricultural Prices. Reliability: United States price estimates based on probability surveys generally have a sampling error of less than one percent for the major commodities such as corn, wheat, soybeans, cotton, and rice. Current methods of summarization for non-probability commodities are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors at around five percent. Any non- sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non-sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. December Prices Paid by Farmers The December Prices Paid Index for Commodities and Services, Interest, Taxes, and Farm Wage Rates (PPITW), at 137.6, is down 0.5 percent from November 2023 and 0.6 percent from December 2022. Production: The December index, at 134.5, is down 0.7 percent from November and 2.5 percent from last year. Lower prices in December for feeder cattle, diesel, complete feeds, and gasoline more than offset higher prices for feeder pigs, LP gas, nitrogen, and potash & phosphate. Feed: At 123.0, the December index decreased 0.4 percent from November and 12 percent from last December. Since November, lower prices for complete feeds, supplements, hay & forages, and concentrates more than offset higher prices for feed grains. Livestock and poultry: The December index, at 156.2, decreased 3.6 percent from November but increased 21 percent from last year. Since November, lower prices for feeder cattle more than offset higher prices for feeder pigs. The December feeder cattle price, at $232.00 per cwt, is $12.00 less per cwt than the November price. The December feeder pigs price, at $113.00 per cwt, is $17.00 more per cwt than November. Fertilizer: The index for December, at 111.4, is up 0.6 percent from November but down 33 percent from December a year ago. Since November, higher prices for nitrogen and potash & phosphate more than offset lower prices for mixed fertilizer. Chemicals: The December index, at 126.0, is unchanged from November but down 17 percent from last December. Fuels: At 86.0, the December index is down 4.6 percent from November and 11 percent from December 2023. Compared with November, prices are lower for diesel and gasoline, but higher for LP gas. Machinery: The index for December, at 160.0, is unchanged from November but up 0.8 percent from last December. Compared with last month, prices are unchanged for tractors, self-propelled machinery, and other machinery. Consumer Price Index: The December 2023 Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as issued by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is up 3.3 percent over the last 12 months to an index level of 306.746 (1982-1984=100). For the month, the index decreased 0.1 percent prior to seasonal adjustment. Prices Paid Indexes and Related Parity Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : 1910-1914 Base : 2011 Base Index Group :----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- and : December : November : December : December : November : December Ratios : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Prices paid by farmers for : commodities, services, : interest, taxes, and wage : rates (PPITW) ...................: 3744 3742 3721 138.4 138.3 137.6 Production ....................: 2869 2819 2798 137.9 135.5 134.5 Feed ........................: 1543 1359 1354 140.2 123.5 123.0 Livestock and poultry .......: 2557 3199 3083 129.6 162.1 156.2 Seeds .......................: 4329 4329 4329 131.7 131.7 131.7 Fertilizer ..................: 1754 1334 1343 145.5 110.7 111.4 Chemicals ...................: 1369 1130 1130 152.6 126.0 126.0 Fuels .......................: 2690 2520 2406 96.2 90.1 86.0 Supplies and repairs ........: 1667 1707 1704 141.3 144.7 144.4 : Autos and trucks ............: 3920 3970 3960 127.5 129.1 128.8 Machinery ...................: 9700 9771 9771 158.8 160.0 160.0 Building materials ..........: 3800 3846 3853 163.3 165.3 165.5 Services and rent ...........: 3098 3170 3169 (NA) (NA) (NA) Services ....................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 138.6 141.6 141.5 Rent ........................: (NA) (NA) (NA) 124.0 127.0 127.0 : Interest 1/ ...................: 4693 5205 5205 128.6 142.7 142.7 Taxes 2/ ......................: 8197 8532 8532 138.1 143.8 143.8 Wage rates ....................: 11343 12041 12041 158.4 168.1 168.1 Family living-CPI 3/ ..........: 2821 2918 2915 132.0 136.5 136.4 : Production, interest, taxes, : and wage rates (PITW) .........: 3934 3909 3885 139.5 138.6 137.8 : Ratio (received/paid) ...........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 100 83 83 Parity ratio 4/ .................: 38 31 31 (NA) (NA) (NA) Parity ratio adjusted 5/ ........: 39 32 32 (NA) (NA) (NA) PPITW adjusted for : productivity 6/ ...............: 2060 2042 2039 (NA) (NA) (NA) : Crop sector (PPITW) .............: (NA) (NA) (NA) 139.3 136.9 136.7 Livestock sector (PPITW) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 137.5 139.9 138.5 : Farm sector (production) ........: (NA) (NA) (NA) 135.1 137.7 135.5 Non-farm sector (production) ....: (NA) (NA) (NA) 139.7 134.0 133.8 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (NA) Not available. 1/ Interest per acre on farm real estate debt and interest rate on farm non-real estate debt. 2/ Farm real estate taxes payable per acre. 3/ Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers (CPI-U), converted by the USDA. 4/ Ratio of index of prices received to PPITW (1910-1914=100). 5/ Based on estimated cash receipts, from marketings and government payments, the preliminary adjustment factor is updated annually. 6/ PPITW is adjusted based on productivity trend for the prior 15 years. Prices Paid Indexes and Annual Weights for Input Components and Sub-components - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov. Relative weights are a five year moving average] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Relative weights : Indexes (2011=100) :------------------------------------------------------- Index Group : : :December :November :December : 2022 : 2023 1/ : 2022 : 2023 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : percent : Production items ............: 72.5 74.105 137.9 135.5 134.5 : Feed ......................: 13.6 14.697 140.2 123.5 123.0 Feed grains .............: 1.9 2.102 111.9 81.6 82.5 Complete feeds ..........: 6.7 7.202 141.6 127.1 126.4 Hay and forages .........: 1.7 1.837 152.0 127.3 126.6 Concentrates ............: 2.2 2.322 140.9 140.1 139.9 Supplements .............: 1.1 1.235 161.6 136.2 135.1 Livestock and poultry .....: 9.6 9.752 129.6 162.1 156.2 Feeder cattle ...........: 7.5 7.597 131.4 178.1 169.4 Feeder pigs .............: 0.8 0.780 125.7 68.6 80.7 Milk cow replacements ...: 0.8 0.790 121.8 130.3 130.3 Poultry .................: 0.6 0.585 121.2 121.2 121.2 : Seeds .....................: 5.1 4.901 131.7 131.7 131.7 Field crops .............: 4.6 4.440 128.7 128.7 128.7 Grasses and legumes .....: 0.5 0.461 159.7 159.7 159.7 Fertilizer ................: 5.5 6.668 145.5 110.7 111.4 Mixed fertilizer ........: 2.4 2.934 137.1 123.8 123.7 Nitrogen ................: 2.3 2.801 160.9 97.6 98.5 Potash and phosphate ....: 0.8 0.934 125.9 108.8 111.2 Chemicals .................: 3.6 3.637 152.6 126.0 126.0 Herbicides ..............: 2.3 2.291 173.9 143.5 143.5 Insecticides ............: 0.8 0.837 117.8 97.2 97.2 Fungicides and other ....: 0.5 0.509 114.0 94.1 94.1 : Fuels .....................: 2.7 3.042 96.2 90.1 86.0 Diesel ..................: 1.7 1.893 106.4 96.1 89.7 Gasoline ................: 0.6 0.637 85.4 88.4 83.7 LP gas ..................: 0.5 0.511 71.5 70.2 75.5 Supplies and repairs ......: 4.5 4.392 141.3 144.7 144.4 Supplies ................: 1.5 1.471 143.6 142.9 143.1 Repairs .................: 3.0 2.920 140.1 145.6 145.1 Autos and trucks ..........: 1.2 1.140 127.5 129.1 128.8 Autos ...................: 0.2 0.148 121.5 122.4 122.0 Trucks ..................: 1.0 0.992 128.4 130.1 129.8 : Machinery .................: 4.3 4.827 158.8 160.0 160.0 Tractors ................: 0.9 1.062 135.9 135.3 135.3 Self-propelled ..........: 1.7 1.931 159.6 163.4 163.4 Other machinery .........: 1.6 1.834 171.2 170.6 170.6 Building materials ........: 3.6 3.648 163.3 165.3 165.5 Services ..................: 11.7 10.954 138.6 141.6 141.5 Custom rates ............: 1.2 1.128 126.0 141.2 141.2 Other services ..........: 10.5 9.826 140.0 141.7 141.6 Rent ......................: 7.0 6.448 124.0 127.0 127.0 Cash ....................: 3.8 3.463 126.1 129.0 129.0 Share ...................: 3.2 2.986 121.5 124.7 124.7 : Interest ....................: 2.2 2.095 128.6 142.7 142.7 Taxes .......................: 3.2 3.159 138.1 143.8 143.8 Wage rates ..................: 7.8 7.114 158.4 168.1 168.1 Family living-CPI ...........: 14.3 13.526 132.0 136.5 136.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Starting 2023, relative weights published to three decimals. Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Feed price ratio 1/ :December 2022 :November 2023 :December 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler-feed: pounds of broiler grower feed equal : in value to 1 pound of broiler, live weight 2/ ......: 4.3 4.8 5.2 : Market egg feed: pounds of laying feed equal in : value to 1 dozen eggs 3/ ............................: 32.2 13.8 14.4 : Hog-corn: bushels of corn equal in value to : 100 pounds of hog, live weight ......................: 9.5 12.3 11.1 : Milk-feed: pounds of 16% mixed dairy feed equal : in value to 1 pound of whole milk 4/ ................: 1.83 2.12 2.00 : Steer & heifer-corn: bushels of corn equal : in value to 100 pounds of steer & heifers, : live weight .......................................: 24.0 39.5 36.7 : Turkey-feed: pounds of turkey grower equal in : value to 1 pound of turkey, live weight 5/ ..........: 7.7 5.2 3.7 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ Effective January 1995, prices of commercial prepared feeds are based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, alfalfa hay, and all wheat. 2/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. Prices Received Used to Calculate Feed Price Ratios - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source for livestock and poultry commodities is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2022 :November 2023 :December 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Broilers, live ................pound: 0.726 0.665 0.737 Eggs, market ..................dozen: 4.77 1.61 1.71 : Hogs, all .......................cwt: 62.50 57.50 53.30 Milk, all .......................cwt: 24.50 21.70 20.60 : Steers and heifers ..............cwt: 158.00 184.00 176.00 Turkeys, live .................pound: 1.220 0.652 0.471 : Corn .........................bushel: 6.58 4.66 4.80 Hay, alfalfa ....................ton: 268.00 207.00 205.00 : Soybeans .....................bushel: 14.40 13.00 13.10 Wheat, all ...................bushel: 8.97 6.53 6.79 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: December 2023 with Comparisons [Price data source is United States Department of Agriculture's Agriculture Marketing Service] --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Item :December 2022 :November 2023 :December 2023 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars : Feeder cattle & calves ..........cwt: 180.00 244.00 232.00 Feeder pigs .....................cwt: 176.00 96.00 113.00 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Annual Average Prices Paid for Feeder Livestock - United States: 2018-2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Item : 2018 : 2019 : 2020 : 2021 : 2022 : 2023 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : dollars : Feeders and stockers : Cattle and calves .......cwt:148.00 141.00 138.00 147.00 168.00 223.00 Feeder pigs .............cwt:132.00 150.00 92.10 185.00 194.00 128.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Grazing Fee Rates for Cattle - States, Regions, and United States: 2022 and 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Survey average rates 1/ :----------------------------------------------------------------- State : Animal unit 2/ : Cow-calf : Per head :----------------------------------------------------------------- : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 : 2022 : 2023 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : dollars per month : Arizona .........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 15.00 California ......: 22.80 24.50 (S) (S) 25.80 27.50 Colorado ........: 19.50 20.00 23.00 23.50 20.00 21.00 Idaho ...........: 19.00 19.00 22.50 23.50 19.50 20.00 Kansas ..........: 23.00 26.00 28.50 30.50 30.50 28.50 Montana .........: 27.00 27.50 28.00 28.50 26.50 27.00 Nebraska ........: 44.00 44.50 52.00 52.00 43.00 43.50 Nevada ..........: (S) (S) (S) (S) (S) 18.00 New Mexico ......: 16.50 16.50 (S) (S) 17.00 17.00 North Dakota ....: 23.50 25.00 27.50 28.50 24.00 (S) : Oklahoma ........: 10.00 11.00 14.00 (S) 13.00 14.00 Oregon ..........: 19.00 19.50 22.00 23.00 22.50 22.00 South Dakota ....: 37.00 36.00 44.00 44.00 43.00 39.00 Texas ...........: 12.00 12.00 (S) (S) 17.00 16.00 Utah ............: 19.00 19.50 (S) 21.00 19.50 20.00 Washington ......: 16.00 16.00 (S) (S) (S) (S) Wyoming .........: 24.50 25.00 26.50 26.50 25.00 25.00 : 17-State 3/ .....: 21.50 22.00 25.70 26.40 24.60 24.20 16-State 4/ .....: 24.60 25.40 29.20 29.90 27.10 26.90 11-State 5/ .....: 21.00 21.60 23.90 24.60 22.50 22.80 9-State 6/ ......: 21.60 22.10 26.10 26.80 25.00 24.40 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (S) Insufficient number of reports to establish an estimate. 1/ The average rates are estimates based on survey indications of monthly lease rates for private, non-irrigated grazing land from the January Cattle Survey. 2/ Animal unit (AUM) rate includes survey rates for both animal unit and cow-calf. The rate is converted to an AUM rate using a multiplier factor of 0.833. The multiplier factor is the conversion of a 1,200 pound cow to a 1,000 pound cow. 3/ 17 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 4/ 16 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 5/ 11 Western States: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 6/ 9 Great Plains States: Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 110.7 110.7 110.8 111.3 110.7 110.2 110.3 109.5 109.1 109.8 110.0 110.0 110.3 2020 ..: 110.9 110.6 109.7 108.5 108.5 108.7 109.5 109.8 110.3 111.1 112.0 112.7 110.2 2021 ..: 113.9 115.2 116.5 117.5 118.4 119.7 120.9 121.4 121.8 123.1 124.2 125.6 119.9 2022 ..: 131.0 133.1 135.0 137.6 137.8 138.3 138.7 139.3 138.8 138.6 138.8 138.4 137.1 2023 ..: 140.3 140.3 140.3 139.7 138.9 138.5 138.6 138.7 138.7 138.8 138.3 137.6 139.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 110.5 110.4 110.4 110.9 110.2 109.6 109.7 108.8 108.3 109.1 109.2 109.3 109.7 2020 ..: 110.3 109.9 108.9 107.6 107.7 107.8 108.6 108.9 109.4 110.4 111.4 112.2 109.4 2021 ..: 113.5 114.9 116.3 117.2 118.2 119.5 120.8 121.4 121.7 123.1 124.3 125.9 119.7 2022 ..: 132.0 134.2 136.2 139.1 139.1 139.4 139.8 140.6 140.0 139.6 139.9 139.5 138.3 2023 ..: 141.4 141.3 141.3 140.5 139.5 138.9 139.1 139.1 139.0 139.2 138.6 137.8 139.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 107.6 107.5 107.6 108.4 107.6 106.8 106.8 105.7 105.1 105.9 106.1 106.2 106.8 2020 ..: 107.0 106.5 105.3 103.9 104.0 104.2 104.6 105.0 105.6 106.5 107.7 108.7 105.8 2021 ..: 109.6 111.3 112.9 114.2 115.3 116.9 117.9 118.5 119.0 120.6 122.0 123.9 116.8 2022 ..: 129.1 131.7 134.1 137.9 137.9 138.2 138.3 139.2 138.5 138.0 138.3 137.9 136.6 2023 ..: 138.9 138.8 138.8 138.3 137.1 136.4 136.2 136.2 136.1 136.1 135.5 134.5 136.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 104.1 103.9 104.0 104.5 104.4 105.4 104.7 103.9 103.1 103.4 103.1 103.5 104.0 2020 ..: 106.5 106.1 105.5 105.5 104.4 103.3 103.6 103.0 104.2 107.6 110.9 113.6 106.2 2021 ..: 111.2 115.6 117.9 119.5 125.2 125.8 125.5 125.4 123.1 122.4 123.6 125.8 121.8 2022 ..: 125.2 129.1 135.0 139.4 141.3 140.6 141.3 142.9 143.7 140.9 140.5 140.2 138.3 2023 ..: 140.4 141.2 140.1 139.5 137.3 134.2 132.3 129.1 126.4 123.5 123.5 123.0 132.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 106.0 104.9 105.7 111.5 104.9 97.2 98.0 95.2 95.0 99.4 101.6 102.6 101.8 2020 ..: 107.3 104.8 98.6 88.9 90.4 90.6 93.1 95.9 97.7 99.5 102.2 103.2 97.7 2021 ..: 103.7 106.0 107.6 110.4 104.2 105.5 108.7 110.3 110.1 112.9 112.7 117.1 109.1 2022 ..: 120.9 125.8 122.7 122.4 117.4 118.2 121.6 125.3 124.2 123.9 126.7 129.6 123.2 2023 ..: 133.8 136.6 142.3 145.7 145.9 152.1 156.5 159.0 162.4 165.5 162.1 156.2 151.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 112.9 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 117.3 2022 ..: 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 2023 ..: 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 131.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 75.6 76.4 75.6 75.0 74.3 73.1 71.1 69.7 69.2 68.7 67.3 65.3 71.8 2020 ..: 66.3 65.9 66.8 67.9 68.6 67.6 66.9 66.6 67.6 68.8 70.0 71.4 67.9 2021 ..: 71.8 75.1 77.6 80.5 83.8 89.3 92.6 93.3 95.7 102.4 109.8 119.1 90.9 2022 ..: 139.8 144.2 150.6 158.0 157.6 152.0 141.9 145.2 144.3 147.7 149.8 145.5 148.1 2023 ..: 140.9 133.1 127.1 122.6 118.3 111.7 106.3 106.3 105.6 109.4 110.7 111.4 117.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 102.5 100.8 99.9 99.7 99.8 101.5 102.9 95.6 88.8 94.3 95.3 93.5 97.9 2020 ..: 95.7 95.7 93.9 94.0 95.3 95.8 95.8 95.8 95.8 94.5 96.6 96.0 95.4 2021 ..: 98.2 94.7 98.2 99.5 98.6 102.7 101.1 103.1 105.4 110.3 110.3 110.3 102.7 2022 ..: 131.3 131.3 131.3 170.1 166.8 171.4 172.8 173.4 164.5 151.8 156.0 152.6 156.1 2023 ..: 148.9 150.8 152.4 144.3 140.6 135.2 133.3 131.7 125.7 126.0 126.0 126.0 136.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 67.9 68.6 70.6 72.2 71.6 67.1 67.4 64.4 65.4 66.5 68.0 66.8 68.0 2020 ..: 65.2 62.0 55.7 51.5 52.8 56.3 57.0 57.4 56.9 57.3 58.1 63.2 57.8 2021 ..: 62.5 66.3 72.4 71.0 72.7 76.3 79.2 79.8 82.9 89.0 88.3 83.5 77.0 2022 ..: 91.0 98.3 120.2 117.3 124.0 129.1 122.1 111.4 107.9 109.3 109.1 96.2 111.3 2023 ..: 98.4 96.2 92.9 92.6 87.1 83.9 86.2 95.2 98.9 96.0 90.1 86.0 92.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 114.2 114.2 114.3 114.4 114.5 114.5 115.1 115.0 115.0 115.1 115.1 115.1 114.7 2020 ..: 115.5 115.8 115.7 116.5 116.5 116.4 116.8 116.7 116.8 117.2 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.1 118.6 119.2 120.4 122.3 125.1 126.7 127.4 127.9 129.0 131.8 132.1 124.9 2022 ..: 133.8 135.1 135.8 138.8 139.1 139.3 140.5 140.9 141.0 141.8 141.4 141.3 139.1 2023 ..: 142.2 143.0 143.4 144.2 144.6 144.2 144.7 144.8 144.7 144.4 144.7 144.4 144.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 105.9 106.2 106.6 106.6 106.5 106.2 105.9 105.5 105.1 105.0 105.1 105.5 105.8 2020 ..: 106.2 106.6 106.1 106.1 106.2 106.1 106.5 106.2 106.2 106.8 106.9 107.6 106.5 2021 ..: 107.8 107.9 107.8 108.4 110.0 111.9 113.6 114.6 115.8 117.6 118.9 120.2 112.9 2022 ..: 120.9 121.2 121.3 122.4 123.6 124.5 125.4 126.0 126.5 127.2 127.4 127.5 124.5 2023 ..: 128.1 128.5 128.9 129.2 129.6 129.8 129.8 129.9 129.9 129.7 129.1 128.8 129.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 122.6 122.7 122.7 122.8 122.5 123.5 123.5 123.5 123.6 123.6 123.4 125.4 123.3 2020 ..: 124.1 124.1 124.3 124.3 124.3 124.8 124.8 125.2 125.0 125.8 125.5 125.8 124.8 2021 ..: 135.7 136.6 138.1 139.4 140.5 142.1 144.4 146.4 151.0 154.9 157.9 160.0 145.6 2022 ..: 142.8 147.3 147.3 150.3 149.8 152.3 153.7 154.7 155.1 159.8 159.2 158.8 152.6 2023 ..: 158.5 157.0 157.2 157.6 157.9 158.4 158.6 159.2 160.3 161.0 160.0 160.0 158.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 117.8 118.2 118.0 118.4 118.3 118.0 118.6 118.1 118.0 117.9 117.9 117.9 118.1 2020 ..: 118.5 118.8 119.5 118.8 118.8 119.3 120.0 121.6 123.7 123.4 122.8 123.8 120.8 2021 ..: 126.5 128.7 131.8 135.4 140.2 143.8 144.1 144.0 144.5 146.3 148.9 151.8 140.5 2022 ..: 157.1 160.0 163.2 163.9 165.3 164.9 165.3 166.0 165.2 164.6 163.9 163.3 163.6 2023 ..: 164.3 164.3 165.0 165.1 164.7 164.6 165.1 165.3 165.6 165.2 165.3 165.5 165.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 116.5 116.6 116.3 116.3 116.6 117.4 117.4 117.2 116.9 116.6 116.4 116.2 116.7 2020 ..: 116.5 116.3 116.3 116.0 115.6 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.7 116.6 117.2 117.3 116.5 2021 ..: 118.0 118.6 118.8 119.7 120.2 120.4 120.7 121.5 122.1 122.1 122.9 123.7 120.7 2022 ..: 130.6 131.4 132.4 133.7 134.9 136.1 137.9 138.4 138.0 138.4 137.1 138.6 135.6 2023 ..: 141.3 141.9 141.6 140.9 141.1 141.8 141.2 141.1 141.9 141.5 141.6 141.5 141.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Rent 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 116.4 2020 ..: 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 117.6 2021 ..: 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 122.1 2022 ..: 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 124.0 2023 ..: 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 127.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Ratio (paid/received) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 77 81 84 84 83 85 83 83 81 78 82 83 82 2020 ..: 80 82 85 76 78 81 79 79 81 80 83 81 80 2021 ..: 78 83 84 89 90 89 88 91 89 87 88 90 87 2022 ..: 85 90 94 97 98 98 96 94 94 92 96 100 95 2023 ..: 89 91 91 94 91 93 90 91 88 82 83 83 89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 114.2 2020 ..: 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 109.5 2021 ..: 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 109.6 2022 ..: 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 128.6 2023 ..: 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 142.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 120.4 2020 ..: 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 126.8 2021 ..: 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 132.5 2022 ..: 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 138.1 2023 ..: 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 143.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 133.7 133.7 133.7 131.5 131.5 131.5 133.2 133.2 133.2 134.2 134.2 134.2 133.2 2020 ..: 136.6 136.6 136.6 134.7 134.7 134.7 139.6 139.6 139.6 141.8 141.8 141.8 138.2 2021 ..: 144.9 144.9 144.9 142.7 142.7 142.7 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 148.3 146.1 2022 ..: 157.6 157.6 157.6 153.9 153.9 153.9 157.6 157.6 157.6 158.4 158.4 158.4 156.9 2023 ..: 165.8 165.8 165.8 161.6 161.6 161.6 166.3 166.3 166.3 168.1 168.1 168.1 165.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 111.9 112.4 113.0 113.6 113.9 113.9 114.1 114.1 114.2 114.4 114.4 114.3 113.7 2020 ..: 114.7 115.0 114.8 114.0 114.0 114.6 115.2 115.6 115.7 115.8 115.7 115.8 115.1 2021 ..: 116.3 116.9 117.8 118.7 119.7 120.8 121.4 121.6 122.0 123.0 123.6 124.0 120.5 2022 ..: 125.0 126.2 127.8 128.6 130.0 131.8 131.7 131.7 132.0 132.5 132.4 132.0 130.1 2023 ..: 133.0 133.8 134.2 134.9 135.2 135.7 135.9 136.5 136.9 136.8 136.5 136.4 135.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with farm origin 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 106.5 106.0 106.4 108.5 106.3 104.2 104.2 102.8 102.4 104.0 104.6 105.1 105.1 2020 ..: 108.0 107.0 104.6 101.4 101.4 100.9 101.9 102.5 103.7 105.9 108.4 110.0 104.6 2021 ..: 109.7 112.7 114.3 116.0 116.8 117.5 118.4 118.9 117.7 118.3 118.8 121.3 116.7 2022 ..: 124.9 128.4 130.2 132.3 131.5 131.4 132.9 134.9 134.9 133.5 134.2 135.1 132.0 2023 ..: 136.8 138.1 139.4 140.3 139.2 139.8 140.3 139.5 139.2 138.8 137.7 135.5 138.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Production items with non-farm origin 4/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 108.3 108.4 108.3 108.4 108.3 108.3 108.3 107.3 106.7 107.1 107.0 106.8 107.8 2020 ..: 106.4 106.1 105.7 105.5 105.7 106.1 106.3 106.4 106.7 106.9 107.3 107.9 106.4 2021 ..: 109.5 110.4 111.9 113.1 114.4 116.5 117.5 118.3 119.7 122.1 124.0 125.5 116.9 2022 ..: 131.8 133.8 136.5 141.5 142.0 142.6 141.8 142.0 140.8 140.9 141.0 139.7 139.5 2023 ..: 140.4 139.3 138.3 137.0 135.8 134.3 133.5 134.0 134.0 134.3 134.0 133.8 135.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Crop sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 111.5 111.6 111.6 111.5 111.4 111.3 111.5 110.8 110.3 110.8 110.8 110.6 111.1 2020 ..: 110.9 110.8 110.4 110.0 110.1 110.4 111.1 111.2 111.4 111.8 112.1 112.5 111.1 2021 ..: 114.5 115.1 116.2 116.8 117.6 119.1 120.4 120.9 121.8 123.5 124.7 125.8 119.7 2022 ..: 133.4 134.8 136.7 140.0 140.3 140.8 140.6 140.8 140.0 140.0 140.2 139.3 138.9 2023 ..: 141.0 140.3 139.7 138.4 137.5 136.5 136.3 136.7 136.6 137.1 136.9 136.7 137.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock sector (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2019 ..: 109.8 109.7 110.0 111.1 110.0 108.9 109.0 108.1 107.8 108.8 109.1 109.3 109.3 2020 ..: 110.9 110.4 108.9 106.9 106.9 106.9 107.9 108.3 109.1 110.5 111.9 113.0 109.3 2021 ..: 113.3 115.3 116.8 118.1 119.1 120.2 121.4 121.9 121.7 122.8 123.6 125.4 120.0 2022 ..: 128.5 131.2 133.3 135.1 135.2 135.7 136.7 137.7 137.6 137.1 137.4 137.5 135.3 2023 ..: 139.6 140.3 140.9 141.1 140.4 140.6 141.0 140.9 140.9 140.7 139.9 138.5 140.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures 2/ For the 2011=100 base period, the Services & Rent Index is separated. 3/ Feed, livestock & poultry purchases, and seed. 4/ Fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, fuels, supplies & repairs, autos & trucks, machinery, building materials, and services & rent. Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed grains :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 59.9 60.7 60.9 59.4 61.2 67.1 70.0 65.2 63.5 64.1 61.7 62.0 63.0 2020 ..: 63.2 63.1 61.9 56.5 55.6 55.6 57.2 54.6 59.7 63.4 66.9 69.5 60.6 2021 ..: 73.9 83.1 84.8 91.6 100.4 101.1 101.6 103.8 91.7 85.8 90.0 94.0 91.8 2022 ..: 96.0 104.4 111.7 119.9 122.5 121.7 118.2 120.1 118.6 111.0 111.1 111.9 113.9 2023 ..: 111.9 114.9 112.7 113.1 110.4 109.3 103.3 96.1 89.3 85.3 81.6 82.5 100.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Complete feeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 108.6 108.2 108.3 108.5 107.9 109.0 109.8 109.9 109.7 109.5 109.8 110.1 109.1 2020 ..: 114.3 114.0 113.5 114.8 113.1 111.7 111.8 111.4 112.5 115.7 119.9 123.4 114.7 2021 ..: 118.6 123.1 126.2 127.1 131.8 133.7 133.0 131.5 130.9 130.0 131.4 133.7 129.3 2022 ..: 129.3 132.8 139.4 143.2 144.8 143.9 144.0 145.0 145.6 142.8 142.3 141.6 141.2 2023 ..: 141.8 142.6 141.3 139.9 137.1 134.2 133.2 130.7 129.0 126.5 127.1 126.4 134.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Hay & forages :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 111.0 112.4 114.4 120.6 119.7 114.0 107.3 104.3 102.1 104.3 104.3 104.1 109.9 2020 ..: 103.4 104.0 103.5 104.0 104.6 102.0 103.1 103.1 98.8 102.1 101.0 101.0 102.6 2021 ..: 101.7 104.7 107.8 109.6 119.6 119.6 121.5 124.5 125.0 126.7 124.6 126.0 117.6 2022 ..: 124.7 127.1 129.9 139.1 146.5 145.4 152.0 156.7 156.2 157.5 152.9 152.0 145.0 2023 ..: 149.6 149.0 150.3 156.1 154.3 147.7 139.7 132.5 130.4 128.9 127.3 126.6 141.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Concentrates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 119.3 117.6 116.9 116.3 115.9 117.4 113.8 115.4 113.7 113.9 113.5 114.3 115.7 2020 ..: 116.8 116.4 115.5 116.4 116.9 116.4 115.8 115.4 116.7 120.8 125.3 127.0 118.3 2021 ..: 128.6 130.2 129.5 129.2 130.4 128.1 125.7 124.8 123.3 122.2 122.4 123.3 126.5 2022 ..: 133.9 135.5 140.1 142.0 139.0 138.4 140.8 144.9 146.5 139.1 141.1 140.9 140.2 2023 ..: 144.1 147.5 146.7 143.2 141.2 137.7 141.5 142.2 138.8 135.1 140.1 139.9 141.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 114.5 113.7 112.9 111.3 113.4 114.5 113.3 111.9 113.5 113.1 113.5 114.3 113.3 2020 ..: 119.6 117.0 117.3 116.3 113.3 113.3 113.0 112.7 116.5 119.4 121.4 125.0 117.1 2021 ..: 112.5 116.0 119.2 118.9 127.9 127.1 128.3 129.1 128.3 134.7 135.8 137.8 126.3 2022 ..: 135.9 140.4 146.6 146.5 149.6 150.5 149.5 144.7 150.9 159.5 160.2 161.6 149.7 2023 ..: 160.4 155.1 152.5 151.2 151.5 150.2 148.4 146.9 145.1 141.3 136.2 135.1 147.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder Cattle :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 106.8 105.8 105.8 108.9 102.8 97.4 99.7 98.5 97.8 102.2 104.5 104.1 102.9 2020 ..: 107.8 105.6 99.0 92.2 94.9 96.0 98.7 101.5 100.8 101.0 103.9 103.4 100.4 2021 ..: 101.8 102.8 102.5 104.8 99.8 103.6 109.0 111.1 109.5 113.1 113.3 117.6 107.4 2022 ..: 119.2 121.2 116.6 116.7 115.8 118.6 121.9 126.9 127.0 127.7 129.9 131.4 122.7 2023 ..: 133.6 138.0 145.1 153.8 157.5 166.7 172.3 176.7 179.6 182.5 178.1 169.4 162.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feeder pigs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 125.0 121.4 132.1 173.6 150.7 106.4 87.9 65.0 69.3 75.7 80.7 97.1 107.1 2020 ..: 114.3 103.6 90.7 40.0 32.1 23.6 24.3 32.1 61.4 79.3 85.7 102.1 65.8 2021 ..: 120.0 138.6 161.4 173.6 145.0 124.3 110.0 110.0 123.6 126.4 121.4 135.0 132.4 2022 ..: 161.4 202.9 208.6 191.4 137.1 120.0 120.0 117.9 102.9 90.0 104.3 125.7 140.2 2023 ..: 157.9 150.7 152.1 110.0 77.1 65.0 62.9 51.4 65.0 68.6 68.6 80.7 92.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Milk cow replacements :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 80.3 86.6 86.6 86.6 92.3 92.3 92.3 84.9 2020 ..: 91.5 91.5 91.5 88.0 88.0 88.0 92.3 92.3 92.3 94.4 94.4 94.4 91.6 2021 ..: 95.8 95.8 95.8 96.5 96.5 96.5 97.2 97.2 97.2 94.4 94.4 94.4 96.0 2022 ..: 97.2 97.2 97.2 110.6 110.6 110.6 120.4 120.4 120.4 121.8 121.8 121.8 112.5 2023 ..: 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 121.1 123.9 123.9 123.9 130.3 130.3 130.3 124.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 104.3 2020 ..: 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 113.1 2021 ..: 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 117.7 2022 ..: 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 2023 ..: 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 121.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Field crop seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 111.6 2020 ..: 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 112.4 2021 ..: 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 115.8 2022 ..: 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 2023 ..: 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 128.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Grass & legume seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 125.4 2020 ..: 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 119.8 2021 ..: 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 132.0 2022 ..: 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 2023 ..: 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 159.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Mixed fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 74.6 74.2 73.1 73.6 72.5 72.3 70.5 70.1 70.2 69.7 69.1 68.3 71.5 2020 ..: 65.1 64.5 65.0 64.6 65.5 65.2 65.3 65.1 66.1 66.6 68.4 69.3 65.9 2021 ..: 80.5 82.8 84.5 85.9 88.1 90.6 94.4 97.0 99.3 100.3 103.6 106.8 92.8 2022 ..: 122.2 123.7 124.0 126.0 126.6 127.6 126.7 136.7 136.3 136.4 136.6 137.1 130.0 2023 ..: 137.9 135.6 133.9 131.3 130.4 129.2 126.0 125.0 123.6 123.8 123.8 123.7 128.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Nitrogen :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 76.0 78.7 78.0 77.3 77.0 75.2 73.7 70.8 70.0 70.5 69.4 65.2 73.5 2020 ..: 68.9 68.6 69.2 72.3 72.2 70.0 68.9 68.0 68.7 70.2 70.1 71.6 69.9 2021 ..: 66.8 70.9 72.8 76.9 79.9 89.2 91.5 89.9 92.0 106.1 118.6 136.0 90.9 2022 ..: 157.2 166.1 175.9 190.4 188.8 178.3 158.2 155.5 153.7 161.8 166.4 160.9 167.8 2023 ..: 148.9 133.4 121.0 112.8 104.5 90.8 90.1 88.8 88.2 95.1 97.6 98.5 105.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Potash & phosphate :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 77.6 76.7 76.6 72.6 71.5 69.4 65.0 64.8 63.3 59.9 55.2 55.8 67.4 2020 ..: 62.6 62.4 65.2 65.3 67.7 67.9 66.1 66.8 69.1 71.8 75.1 77.2 68.1 2021 ..: 59.1 63.3 70.6 74.4 82.4 85.6 90.0 91.7 95.2 98.0 103.3 107.0 85.1 2022 ..: 142.9 142.9 158.5 161.1 161.1 150.0 141.0 141.0 141.2 141.1 141.0 125.9 145.6 2023 ..: 126.1 124.5 123.6 124.3 121.8 119.7 93.0 100.2 101.4 107.1 108.8 111.2 113.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Herbicides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 104.2 102.5 101.7 101.4 101.5 103.2 104.7 97.3 90.3 95.9 96.9 95.1 99.6 2020 ..: 96.7 96.7 94.9 95.0 96.3 96.8 96.8 96.8 96.8 95.5 97.6 97.0 96.4 2021 ..: 100.7 97.1 100.6 101.9 101.1 105.2 103.6 105.7 108.1 113.0 113.0 113.0 105.3 2022 ..: 149.6 149.6 149.6 193.8 190.1 195.3 196.9 197.6 187.4 172.9 177.8 173.9 177.9 2023 ..: 169.6 171.9 173.7 164.4 160.3 154.0 151.9 150.0 143.3 143.6 143.5 143.5 155.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Insecticides :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 96.6 95.0 94.2 93.9 94.0 95.6 97.0 90.1 83.6 88.8 89.8 88.1 92.2 2020 ..: 93.5 93.5 91.7 91.8 93.0 93.5 93.5 93.5 93.5 92.3 94.3 93.7 93.2 2021 ..: 94.4 91.0 94.3 95.6 94.7 98.7 97.1 99.1 101.3 105.9 105.9 105.9 98.7 2022 ..: 101.4 101.4 101.4 131.3 128.8 132.3 133.4 133.9 127.0 117.2 120.4 117.8 120.5 2023 ..: 114.9 116.4 117.7 111.4 108.6 104.3 102.9 101.7 97.1 97.3 97.2 97.2 105.6 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fungicides & other :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 104.4 102.7 101.8 101.6 101.6 103.4 104.8 97.4 90.4 96.0 97.0 95.3 99.7 2020 ..: 95.0 95.0 93.2 93.3 94.5 95.1 95.1 95.1 95.1 93.8 95.8 95.2 94.7 2021 ..: 93.6 90.2 93.5 94.8 94.0 97.8 96.3 98.2 100.4 105.1 105.1 105.1 97.8 2022 ..: 98.1 98.1 98.1 127.0 124.6 128.0 129.0 129.5 122.8 113.3 116.5 114.0 116.6 2023 ..: 111.2 112.6 113.9 107.7 105.0 100.9 99.5 98.3 93.9 94.1 94.1 94.1 102.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Diesel :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 65.0 65.4 67.1 68.1 69.0 67.4 66.4 65.6 65.8 66.6 67.0 66.7 66.7 2020 ..: 62.6 59.7 56.0 51.2 49.1 49.4 50.0 49.9 49.6 49.0 49.9 53.1 52.5 2021 ..: 59.9 63.6 70.4 69.9 71.9 73.4 74.6 74.9 75.6 80.7 83.3 81.4 73.3 2022 ..: 84.1 91.0 115.3 115.6 125.8 129.9 123.9 113.1 112.7 117.7 118.7 106.4 112.9 2023 ..: 103.3 99.6 95.1 92.6 88.4 85.8 87.7 98.7 103.0 101.8 96.1 89.7 95.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Gasoline :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 60.2 61.7 66.8 74.2 75.9 72.2 72.7 69.7 69.1 70.2 69.4 68.1 69.2 2020 ..: 69.5 66.8 61.4 51.1 51.7 57.2 59.9 59.9 59.9 59.2 58.0 60.2 59.6 2021 ..: 61.4 65.6 73.5 74.8 78.0 80.1 81.9 82.6 83.0 85.8 88.5 86.4 78.5 2022 ..: 87.7 92.7 111.0 108.2 116.9 129.3 119.9 105.1 98.1 101.1 97.6 85.4 104.4 2023 ..: 88.5 89.9 90.8 95.3 94.2 94.6 95.4 101.6 101.7 96.1 88.4 83.7 93.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : LP Gas :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 87.8 88.9 88.5 84.8 76.2 59.3 64.3 53.5 59.2 61.5 70.4 65.5 71.7 2020 ..: 69.7 64.4 47.3 53.0 67.6 80.4 79.6 82.0 80.3 85.3 88.4 104.4 75.2 2021 ..: 73.3 76.9 78.3 69.9 69.3 82.0 92.6 94.8 109.7 123.6 106.4 87.8 88.7 2022 ..: 120.8 132.3 149.7 134.6 126.1 126.0 118.0 112.7 102.4 88.8 88.1 71.5 114.3 2023 ..: 92.5 91.0 87.3 89.1 73.2 63.1 69.1 74.6 80.2 74.2 70.2 75.5 78.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 114.6 114.8 114.8 114.8 115.3 115.8 116.1 116.1 115.9 115.9 116.0 116.1 115.5 2020 ..: 116.3 116.6 116.5 117.3 117.1 117.3 117.3 117.4 117.8 118.3 118.4 118.7 117.4 2021 ..: 119.5 120.2 121.5 123.5 126.2 128.4 131.0 131.4 131.4 132.3 132.2 132.7 127.5 2022 ..: 135.3 137.6 139.7 142.4 142.6 143.2 143.9 144.0 144.3 144.9 143.6 143.6 142.1 2023 ..: 144.1 144.8 144.5 145.0 145.4 145.4 145.0 144.6 144.2 143.4 142.9 143.1 144.4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 114.0 113.9 114.0 114.2 114.0 113.9 114.6 114.4 114.5 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.3 2020 ..: 115.1 115.4 115.3 116.1 116.2 116.0 116.6 116.4 116.4 116.7 116.6 116.6 116.1 2021 ..: 117.4 117.8 118.0 118.8 120.3 123.5 124.5 125.4 126.1 127.3 131.5 131.8 123.5 2022 ..: 133.0 133.9 133.9 136.9 137.3 137.3 138.9 139.3 139.4 140.2 140.3 140.1 137.5 2023 ..: 141.2 142.2 142.9 143.8 144.1 143.6 144.5 144.9 144.9 144.9 145.6 145.1 144.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 100.5 100.6 100.9 100.9 100.9 100.8 100.6 100.3 99.8 99.8 99.8 100.1 100.4 2020 ..: 100.8 101.4 100.9 100.6 100.7 100.9 101.5 101.3 101.3 101.5 101.5 102.2 101.2 2021 ..: 102.5 102.7 102.2 102.3 103.9 105.7 107.3 108.5 109.4 110.8 112.5 114.4 106.9 2022 ..: 114.7 115.1 115.2 116.8 118.2 118.9 119.9 120.4 121.0 121.4 121.3 121.5 118.7 2023 ..: 122.0 122.3 122.7 123.0 123.1 123.3 123.3 123.2 123.1 123.0 122.4 122.0 122.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 106.8 107.0 107.5 107.5 107.3 107.0 106.7 106.3 105.9 105.8 105.9 106.4 106.7 2020 ..: 107.0 107.3 106.9 106.9 107.1 106.8 107.3 107.0 106.9 107.6 107.7 108.4 107.2 2021 ..: 108.6 108.7 108.7 109.3 110.9 112.9 114.6 115.5 116.7 118.6 119.8 121.1 113.8 2022 ..: 121.8 122.1 122.2 123.3 124.4 125.4 126.2 126.9 127.4 128.1 128.3 128.4 125.4 2023 ..: 129.0 129.4 129.8 130.2 130.5 130.7 130.8 130.8 130.9 130.7 130.1 129.8 130.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Index Sub-Components as a Percent of 2011 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Tractors :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 112.0 2020 ..: 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 113.9 114.7 113.8 113.8 113.6 114.8 113.9 114.4 114.0 2021 ..: 114.6 115.4 116.8 117.2 118.9 120.0 122.2 123.9 127.7 131.1 132.5 135.3 123.0 2022 ..: 123.7 127.8 128.0 130.8 129.4 130.0 131.3 132.4 132.7 136.9 136.3 135.9 131.3 2023 ..: 135.6 134.2 134.4 134.4 134.6 135.3 135.6 135.6 135.6 136.2 135.3 135.3 135.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Self-propelled :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 126.2 126.2 126.2 126.2 125.8 125.9 125.9 126.1 126.0 126.0 126.3 130.9 126.5 2020 ..: 121.3 121.3 121.3 121.2 121.2 121.1 121.1 121.2 121.2 122.3 122.8 122.8 121.6 2021 ..: 143.3 143.2 143.5 143.6 143.6 144.0 145.5 145.5 149.0 153.1 155.0 156.3 147.1 2022 ..: 135.3 137.4 137.8 142.2 142.1 148.1 149.5 149.5 149.5 159.6 159.6 159.6 147.5 2023 ..: 159.6 159.6 159.6 159.2 159.5 159.8 160.3 161.5 164.2 165.4 163.4 163.4 161.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 125.0 125.1 125.3 125.5 125.0 127.7 127.6 127.6 127.6 127.7 127.0 127.4 126.5 2020 ..: 133.0 132.9 133.3 133.6 133.5 134.4 135.0 136.0 135.7 135.7 135.0 135.7 134.5 2021 ..: 139.9 141.8 144.8 147.9 149.7 152.9 156.1 160.3 166.5 170.6 175.6 178.2 157.0 2022 ..: 161.8 169.0 168.4 170.1 169.7 169.6 171.0 173.2 173.9 173.4 172.2 171.2 170.3 2023 ..: 170.5 167.5 167.9 169.2 169.7 170.2 170.2 170.5 170.6 170.6 170.6 170.6 169.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Custom rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 118.4 2020 ..: 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 119.6 2021 ..: 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 114.7 2022 ..: 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 126.0 2023 ..: 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 141.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Other services :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Average 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 116.3 116.4 116.1 116.1 116.4 117.3 117.3 117.1 116.7 116.4 116.2 116.0 116.5 2020 ..: 116.1 115.9 115.9 115.6 115.1 116.0 116.4 116.3 116.4 116.3 116.9 117.0 116.2 2021 ..: 118.4 119.0 119.3 120.3 120.8 121.1 121.4 122.3 122.9 122.9 123.9 124.7 121.4 2022 ..: 131.1 132.0 133.2 134.6 135.9 137.3 139.3 139.8 139.4 139.8 138.4 140.0 136.7 2023 ..: 141.4 142.0 141.6 140.8 141.1 141.8 141.2 141.1 141.9 141.6 141.7 141.6 141.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Cash rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 123.1 2020 ..: 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 124.4 2021 ..: 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 124.5 2022 ..: 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 126.1 2023 ..: 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 129.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Share rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 108.6 2020 ..: 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 109.7 2021 ..: 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 119.4 2022 ..: 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 121.5 2023 ..: 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 124.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PPITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2994 2994 2997 3011 2996 2981 2985 2963 2952 2971 2975 2975 2983 2020 ..: 3000 2991 2967 2934 2935 2940 2962 2969 2982 3005 3029 3049 2980 2021 ..: 3080 3116 3150 3177 3202 3237 3270 3283 3293 3330 3359 3398 3241 2022 ..: 3543 3598 3652 3722 3727 3741 3750 3767 3754 3748 3755 3744 3708 2023 ..: 3794 3794 3795 3779 3758 3745 3750 3752 3751 3755 3742 3721 3761 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production, interest, taxes, and wage rates : (PITW) :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 3117 3114 3115 3130 3109 3091 3095 3068 3055 3077 3082 3082 3095 2020 ..: 3111 3098 3070 3033 3036 3038 3062 3069 3084 3112 3141 3165 3085 2021 ..: 3200 3240 3279 3306 3332 3370 3407 3422 3432 3472 3504 3550 3376 2022 ..: 3722 3784 3841 3923 3923 3931 3943 3963 3947 3936 3945 3934 3899 2023 ..: 3987 3985 3983 3961 3934 3918 3921 3922 3919 3924 3909 3885 3937 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Items used for production :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2241 2238 2240 2256 2239 2223 2223 2200 2188 2205 2209 2210 2223 2020 ..: 2226 2215 2191 2163 2165 2167 2177 2184 2197 2217 2242 2262 2201 2021 ..: 2281 2316 2349 2377 2400 2433 2453 2467 2475 2510 2538 2578 2431 2022 ..: 2686 2740 2790 2870 2870 2877 2879 2897 2882 2871 2879 2869 2842 2023 ..: 2891 2889 2888 2877 2854 2839 2833 2834 2831 2832 2819 2798 2849 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Feed :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 1146 1144 1146 1150 1150 1161 1153 1144 1135 1138 1136 1139 1145 2020 ..: 1172 1168 1161 1161 1149 1137 1141 1133 1147 1185 1221 1250 1169 2021 ..: 1223 1272 1298 1315 1378 1385 1381 1380 1355 1347 1360 1384 1340 2022 ..: 1378 1421 1485 1535 1555 1547 1555 1572 1581 1551 1546 1543 1522 2023 ..: 1545 1554 1542 1536 1511 1477 1456 1421 1391 1359 1359 1354 1459 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Livestock & poultry :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2092 2071 2088 2202 2071 1919 1934 1879 1876 1963 2007 2025 2011 2020 ..: 2118 2068 1945 1755 1784 1789 1837 1893 1928 1964 2018 2036 1928 2021 ..: 2046 2092 2124 2179 2057 2082 2145 2176 2173 2229 2224 2311 2153 2022 ..: 2386 2482 2421 2416 2318 2333 2400 2473 2451 2444 2501 2557 2432 2023 ..: 2640 2696 2808 2876 2880 3003 3090 3139 3205 3266 3199 3083 2990 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Seeds :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 3712 2020 ..: 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 3720 2021 ..: 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 3857 2022 ..: 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 2023 ..: 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 4329 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fertilizer :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 911 920 911 903 895 881 856 840 834 828 811 787 865 2020 ..: 799 794 805 818 827 815 806 803 815 829 844 861 818 2021 ..: 865 905 935 970 1010 1076 1116 1124 1153 1234 1323 1435 1096 2022 ..: 1685 1738 1815 1904 1899 1832 1710 1750 1739 1780 1805 1754 1784 2023 ..: 1698 1604 1531 1477 1426 1346 1281 1282 1273 1319 1334 1343 1410 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Chemicals :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 920 905 897 895 896 911 924 858 797 847 855 839 879 2020 ..: 859 859 843 843 855 860 860 860 860 848 867 861 856 2021 ..: 881 850 881 893 885 922 907 925 946 990 990 990 922 2022 ..: 1178 1178 1178 1526 1497 1538 1551 1556 1476 1362 1400 1369 1401 2023 ..: 1336 1353 1368 1294 1262 1213 1196 1182 1128 1131 1130 1130 1227 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Fuels :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 1899 1919 1974 2019 2002 1877 1885 1801 1829 1860 1902 1868 1903 2020 ..: 1823 1734 1558 1440 1477 1574 1594 1605 1591 1602 1625 1767 1616 2021 ..: 1748 1854 2025 1985 2033 2134 2215 2232 2318 2489 2469 2335 2153 2022 ..: 2545 2749 3361 3280 3468 3610 3414 3115 3017 3056 3051 2690 3113 2023 ..: 2752 2689 2597 2588 2434 2345 2409 2663 2766 2683 2520 2406 2571 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Supplies & repairs :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 1347 1347 1348 1349 1350 1350 1358 1356 1356 1358 1358 1358 1353 2020 ..: 1363 1366 1365 1375 1375 1373 1378 1377 1378 1383 1383 1384 1375 2021 ..: 1393 1399 1406 1421 1443 1476 1495 1503 1509 1522 1555 1559 1473 2022 ..: 1578 1595 1603 1637 1641 1643 1658 1662 1664 1673 1669 1667 1641 2023 ..: 1677 1688 1692 1701 1706 1701 1707 1708 1707 1704 1707 1704 1700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Autos & trucks :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 3257 3266 3278 3278 3275 3266 3257 3244 3232 3229 3232 3244 3255 2020 ..: 3266 3278 3262 3262 3266 3262 3275 3266 3266 3284 3287 3309 3273 2021 ..: 3315 3318 3315 3333 3382 3441 3493 3524 3561 3616 3656 3696 3471 2022 ..: 3718 3727 3729 3765 3801 3829 3855 3875 3891 3911 3917 3920 3828 2023 ..: 3939 3951 3962 3974 3984 3990 3993 3993 3994 3987 3970 3960 3975 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Machinery :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 7489 7495 7495 7501 7483 7544 7544 7544 7550 7550 7538 7660 7533 2020 ..: 7581 7581 7593 7593 7593 7623 7623 7648 7636 7684 7666 7684 7625 2021 ..: 8289 8344 8436 8515 8582 8680 8821 8943 9224 9462 9645 9774 8893 2022 ..: 8723 8998 8998 9181 9150 9303 9389 9450 9474 9761 9725 9700 9321 2023 ..: 9679 9590 9602 9625 9647 9674 9689 9727 9793 9832 9771 9771 9700 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Building materials :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2742 2751 2746 2756 2753 2746 2760 2749 2746 2744 2744 2744 2748 2020 ..: 2758 2765 2781 2765 2765 2777 2793 2830 2879 2872 2858 2881 2810 2021 ..: 2944 2995 3068 3151 3263 3347 3354 3351 3363 3405 3465 3533 3270 2022 ..: 3655 3725 3797 3814 3847 3839 3847 3862 3845 3830 3815 3800 3806 2023 ..: 3823 3824 3841 3842 3833 3830 3843 3847 3853 3844 3846 3853 3840 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Services & rent :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2710 2712 2708 2708 2712 2723 2723 2720 2715 2712 2709 2707 2713 2020 ..: 2720 2718 2718 2714 2707 2719 2724 2723 2724 2723 2731 2732 2721 2021 ..: 2781 2789 2793 2807 2813 2817 2821 2833 2841 2841 2854 2865 2821 2022 ..: 2982 2993 3009 3027 3044 3062 3088 3096 3090 3096 3077 3098 3055 2023 ..: 3166 3175 3169 3159 3163 3172 3164 3163 3174 3169 3170 3169 3168 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ See footnote(s) at end of table. --continued Prices Paid Indexes as a Percent of 1910-1914 Base, Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2023 (continued) [Revised historical price indexes for months not shown are available at www.nass.usda.gov] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Interest :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 4166 2020 ..: 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 3993 2021 ..: 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 3999 2022 ..: 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 4693 2023 ..: 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 5205 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Taxes :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 7145 2020 ..: 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 7526 2021 ..: 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 7861 2022 ..: 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 8197 2023 ..: 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8532 8533 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Wage rates :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 9574 9574 9574 9414 9414 9414 9542 9542 9542 9613 9613 9613 9536 2020 ..: 9781 9781 9781 9647 9647 9647 9999 9999 9999 10159 10159 10159 9897 2021 ..: 10377 10377 10377 10223 10223 10223 10620 10620 10620 10620 10620 10620 10460 2022 ..: 11286 11286 11286 11023 11023 11023 11286 11286 11286 11343 11343 11343 11234 2023 ..: 11875 11875 11875 11574 11574 11574 11913 11913 11913 12041 12041 12041 11851 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Family living :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 2391 2402 2415 2428 2434 2434 2438 2438 2440 2445 2445 2443 2429 2020 ..: 2452 2458 2454 2437 2437 2449 2462 2471 2473 2475 2473 2475 2460 2021 ..: 2486 2499 2518 2537 2558 2582 2595 2599 2608 2629 2642 2650 2575 2022 ..: 2672 2696 2732 2748 2778 2816 2816 2815 2821 2832 2829 2821 2781 2023 ..: 2843 2859 2869 2883 2890 2900 2905 2918 2925 2924 2918 2915 2896 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates : Adjusted for productivity :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 1687 1688 1690 1682 1681 1678 1688 1685 1683 1692 1692 1692 1687 2020 ..: 1724 1723 1719 1702 1703 1705 1734 1736 1738 1753 1757 1760 1730 2021 ..: 1799 1806 1813 1808 1815 1823 1857 1860 1862 1870 1876 1883 1839 2022 ..: 2008 2019 2031 2024 2029 2035 2056 2058 2057 2062 2062 2060 2042 2023 ..: 2031 2032 2033 2013 2010 2009 2033 2035 2036 2045 2042 2039 2030 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Parity ratio 2/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 30 31 32 32 32 32 32 32 31 30 31 32 31 2020 ..: 31 31 32 29 30 31 30 30 31 30 32 31 31 2021 ..: 30 31 32 34 34 34 34 34 34 33 33 34 33 2022 ..: 33 34 36 37 37 37 37 36 36 35 37 38 36 2023 ..: 34 34 35 36 35 35 34 35 33 31 31 31 34 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ : Adjusted parity ratio (PPITW) 3/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January:February:March :April : May : June : July :August :September:October:November:December:Annual 1/ :---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019 ..: 32 33 34 34 34 34 34 34 33 32 33 34 33 2020 ..: 35 35 36 33 34 35 34 34 35 34 36 35 35 2021 ..: 32 33 34 36 36 36 36 36 36 35 35 36 35 2022 ..: 34 35 37 38 38 38 38 37 37 36 38 39 37 2023 ..: 35 35 36 37 36 36 35 36 34 32 32 32 35 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1/ Weighted index using 5-year average production expenditures. 2/ Ratio of index of prices received to index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. 3/ Ratio of the index of prices received after adjustment for government payments to the index of prices paid for commodities, services, interest, taxes, and wage rates. Feed Ratios Monthly and Annual Average - United States: 2019-2024 [Annual average is a simple average of monthly ratios, January through December] -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Broiler 1/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 5.8 5.1 5.3 5.8 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.5 4.9 2020: 4.9 4.2 4.4 2.4 3.8 4.0 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 2021: 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.3 4.3 5.1 3.8 2022: 5.3 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.9 2023: 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.6 4.8 5.2 4.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Market Egg 2/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 9.3 7.9 7.0 4.3 2.4 4.4 2.4 6.5 5.2 4.9 10.8 8.3 6.1 2020: 5.6 7.4 18.7 10.1 6.3 5.5 6.0 6.3 6.6 8.5 7.7 4.7 7.8 2021: 6.6 6.3 7.5 4.4 3.7 3.6 4.1 5.8 6.2 5.4 7.0 9.3 5.8 2022: 9.8 8.5 9.2 13.8 11.4 11.4 16.1 11.2 17.0 19.7 23.6 32.2 15.3 2023: 19.6 16.0 17.7 8.2 5.0 6.7 6.6 8.1 7.6 7.8 13.8 14.4 11.0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Turkey 3/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.1 6.1 6.2 6.6 7.0 7.0 7.5 6.9 6.4 2020: 6.7 7.0 7.4 7.9 8.3 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.6 8.2 7.3 6.9 7.9 2021: 6.5 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 7.2 7.3 6.3 6.1 6.2 2022: 6.1 5.7 5.5 5.4 5.5 5.9 6.5 6.6 7.4 8.2 8.1 7.7 6.6 2023: 7.6 7.2 7.4 7.3 6.8 6.7 6.3 5.8 6.1 5.8 5.2 3.7 6.3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Milk 4/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 2.06 2.07 2.13 2.11 2.12 2.09 2.16 2.26 2.34 2.42 2.65 2.57 2.25 2020: 2.42 2.35 2.25 1.85 1.77 2.37 2.70 2.52 2.30 2.51 2.60 2.19 2.32 2021: 2.00 1.80 1.76 1.75 1.65 1.56 1.52 1.48 1.66 1.84 1.92 1.96 1.74 2022: 2.13 2.04 2.02 1.95 1.91 1.87 1.77 1.69 1.71 1.90 1.92 1.83 1.89 2023: 1.73 1.59 1.56 1.48 1.42 1.36 1.38 1.67 1.89 2.03 2.12 2.00 1.69 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Hog-Corn 5/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 12.5 12.1 12.9 16.8 17.2 14.9 13.6 14.9 12.6 12.8 13.0 12.7 13.8 2020: 12.6 12.0 13.0 12.9 15.9 13.1 12.4 13.8 14.6 15.6 13.7 12.4 13.5 2021: 11.8 11.9 13.7 14.2 13.4 13.8 13.1 12.5 12.9 13.0 11.1 10.3 12.7 2022: 10.5 11.3 11.4 10.8 10.5 10.7 11.4 11.9 10.4 10.9 10.3 9.5 10.8 2023: 8.8 8.8 9.3 8.5 9.0 10.0 11.9 12.9 12.5 12.3 12.3 11.1 10.6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- : Steer & Heifer-Corn 6/ :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Year :January :February :March :April : May :June :July :August :September :October :November :December : Average -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2019: 34.8 35.0 35.7 36.3 33.6 28.9 27.2 28.5 27.4 28.3 31.3 32.3 31.6 2020: 33.0 32.3 31.0 33.7 34.7 34.8 30.5 33.3 30.8 29.9 28.8 28.0 31.7 2021: 26.4 24.2 23.7 22.8 20.5 20.5 20.4 19.8 23.2 25.1 25.1 25.8 23.1 2022: 24.9 23.2 21.6 20.1 19.8 19.2 19.9 19.9 20.5 22.8 23.7 24.0 21.6 2023: 24.1 23.8 25.0 26.1 27.1 28.4 29.6 32.5 35.3 37.7 39.5 36.7 30.5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1/ The price of commercial prepared broiler feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 58 percent corn and 42 percent soybeans. 2/ The price of commercial prepared layer feed is based on current United States prices received for corn and soybeans. The modeled feed ration uses 75 percent corn and 25 percent soybeans. 3/ The price of commercial prepared turkey feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and wheat. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 28 percent soybeans, and 21 percent wheat. 4/ The price of commercial prepared dairy feed is based on current United States prices received for corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The modeled feed ration uses 51 percent corn, 8 percent soybeans, and 41 percent alfalfa. 5/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of all hogs, live weight. 6/ Number of bushels of corn equal in value to 100 pounds of steers & heifers, live weight. Reliability of Prices Paid Estimates Definition: Prices paid by farmers represent the average costs of inputs purchased by farmers and ranchers to produce agricultural commodities. Conceptually, the average price when multiplied by quantity purchased should equal total producer expenditures for the item. Survey procedures: The prices paid data are obtained from establishments that sell goods and services to farmers and ranchers. Annually, about 8,500 firms are randomly selected from lists by type of item sold with an average response rate in the range of 75-80 percent. Firms are asked to report the price for the specified item "most commonly bought by farmers" or that was the "volume seller". Approximately 135 items are surveyed each March to represent all production input items purchased. The survey reference period for all items is the full preceding calendar year. Separate prices paid surveys are conducted for agricultural chemicals, fuels, feed, fertilizer, machinery, and seed. Summary and estimation procedures: The annual March Prices Paid Survey is summarized as a non-probability survey. Average prices reported are aggregated to the region and United States level using weights available from expenditure data and other administrative sources. Price recommendations are prepared by the Regional Field Offices and Headquarters for review by the Agricultural Statistics Board in Washington, D.C. Also, the change in price level for individual items surveyed are combined to the regional and United States levels, and are published as prices paid indexes referenced to a specific base period. Prices paid indexes for new autos and trucks, building materials, farm supplies, motor supplies, and marketing containers are updated based on price changes measured in selected Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) indexes. Revisions: Any revisions are published in the monthly and in annual issues of Agricultural Prices. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data that directly affect the level of the estimate. More revisions are likely for March when separate prices paid surveys are conducted, in lieu of BLS indexes, by the USDA to measure price change. Reliability: Current methods of summarization for the March data are not designed directly to calculate sampling errors. However, analytical measures approximate the United States relative sampling errors for major items around 10 percent. Any non-sampling errors are attributed to such things as the inability to obtain correct information, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, mistakes in coding or processing the data, etc. Efforts are made at each step in the survey process to minimize these non- sampling errors. Program Changes: See Price Program Links at the end of this report for details on program changes to the Prices Program methodology. Information Contacts General Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-9354 Crop Prices Received Chris Hawthorn, Chief, Crops Branch ...................................................................... (202) 720-2127 Travis Thorson, Head, Field Crops Section................................................................. (202) 720-7369 Joshua Bates - Hemp, Oats, Soybeans..................................................................... (202) 690-3234 Natasha Bruton - Barley................................................................................. (202) 690-1042 Michelle Harder - Hay................................................................................... (202) 690-8533 James Johanson - Rye, Wheat............................................................................. (202) 720-8068 Greg Lemmons - Corn, Flaxseed, Proso Millet............................................................. (202) 720-9526 Becky Sommer - Cotton, Cotton Ginnings, Sorghum......................................................... (202) 720-5944 Travis Thorson - Canola, Mustard Seed, Peanuts, Rapeseed, Rice, Safflower, Sunflower.................... (202) 720-7369 Fleming Gibson, Head, Fruits, Vegetables and Special Crops Section........................................ (202) 720-2127 Deonne Holiday - Almonds, Carrots, Coffee, Cranberries, Garlic, Onions, Plums, Prunes, Tobacco................................................................................ (202) 720-4288 Bret Holliman - Apricots, Chickpeas, Nectarines, Peaches, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn, Tomatoes.................................................................................. (202) 720-7235 Robert Little - Blueberries, Cabbage, Dry Beans, Lettuce, Macadamia, Maple Syrup, Pears, Raspberries, Spinach.............................................................. (202) 720-3250 Krishna Rizal - Artichokes, Asparagus, Celery, Grapefruit, Kiwifruit, Lemons, Mandarins and tangerines, Mint, Mushrooms, Olives, Oranges, Pistachios................................ (202) 720-5412 Chris Singh - Apples, Cucumbers, Hazelnuts, Potatoes, Pumpkins, Squash, Strawberries, Sugarbeets, Sugarcane, Sweet Potatoes........................................... (202) 720-4285 Antonio Torres - Cantaloupes, Dry Edible Peas, Grapes, Green Peas, Honeydews, Lentils, Sweet Cherries, Tart Cherries, Walnuts, Watermelons............................... (202) 720-2157 Chris Wallace - Avocados, Bell Peppers, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Chile Peppers, Dates, Floriculture, Hops, Papayas, Pecans............................................. (202) 720-4215 Livestock Prices Received Travis Averill, Chief, Livestock Branch................................................................... (202) 692-0069 Scott Hollis, Head, Livestock Section..................................................................... (202) 690-2424 Ryan Cowen - Cattle and Cattle on Feed.................................................................. (202) 720-3040 Kim DaPra - Milk, Milk Cows............................................................................. (512) 501-3266 Anthony Fischer - Hogs and Pigs......................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Jean Porter, Head, Poultry and Specialty Commodities Section.............................................. (202) 720-8068 Fatema Haque - Turkeys.................................................................................. (202) 505-0041 Seth Riggins - Honey.................................................................................... (202) 720-3106 Autumn Stone - Eggs..................................................................................... (202) 690-3676 Takiyah Walker - Broilers............................................................................... (202) 720-6147 Indexes, Prices Paid, and Parity Prices Bryan Combs, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch..................................... (202) 720-9354 Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section...................................................................... (202) 720-4447 Ralph Mondesir - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes........................... (202) 221-9297 Scott Peterson - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes (360) 890-3261 Max Reason - Prices Received Indexes, Parity Prices, Prices Paid Indexes, Prices Paid for Feed, Fertilizer, Chemicals, Seeds, Fuels, Farm Supplies and Repairs, Farm Machinery, Feeder Livestock, Poultry Chicks, Feed Price Ratios.................................................................... (202) 720-8844 Access to NASS Reports For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways: All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov. Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e- mail subscription. To set-up this free subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on "National" or "State" in upper right corner above "search" box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive. Cornell's Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS's and other agency's archived reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at: https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders. For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: nass@usda.gov. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) 690-7442 or email at program.intake@usda.gov. Price Program Links Economics and Prices http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_Subject/Economics_and_Prices/index.php Agricultural Prices Program and Survey https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Prices/